✨ Renovate update version.go

🐛 fix test
🍱 add tests for roundRobin
2026-09-02 20:28:50 +02:00 · 2026-07-26 14:10:43 +02:00 · 2026-07-26 13:48:55 +02:00 · 2026-07-26 13:45:50 +02:00 · 2026-07-26 13:19:41 +02:00 · 2026-07-26 13:04:10 +02:00
61 changed files with 2113 additions and 373 deletions
@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-# To get started with Dependabot version updates, you'll need to specify which
-# package ecosystems to update and where the package manifests are located.
-# Please see the documentation for all configuration options:
-# https://docs.github.com/github/administering-a-repository/configuration-options-for-dependency-updates
-
-version: 2
-updates:
-  # Maintain dependencies for Go
-  - package-ecosystem: "gomod"
-    directory: "/"
-    schedule:
-      interval: "weekly"
-
-  # Maintain dependencies for build tools
-  - package-ecosystem: "gomod"
-    directory: "/tools"
-    schedule:
-      interval: "weekly"
-
-  # Maintain dependencies for GitHub Actions
-  - package-ecosystem: "github-actions"
-    directory: "/"
-    schedule:
-      interval: "weekly"
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+name: E2E
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: [main]
+  pull_request:
+
+concurrency:
+  group: e2e-${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+jobs:
+  e2e:
+    name: e2e (binary + mock LAPI)
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+      - name: Set up Go
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v6
+        with:
+          # Track go.mod (Go 1.22) — the plugin's yaegi-bound floor. Keeps the
+          # single source of truth and builds the mock on the supported version.
+          go-version-file: go.mod
+      # CI runs the binary/mock suite only: Traefik as a downloaded binary +
+      # a small LAPI mock (no Docker, no real Crowdsec). It validates the
+      # plugin's own behaviour. Crowdsec / AppSec correctness is upstream's
+      # responsibility, so those are intentionally out of scope here. The
+      # Docker suite (tests/e2e/scenarios) stays available for local debugging.
+      # `-k` keeps going after a failing scenario so the logs cover all of
+      # them, while make still exits non-zero if any scenario failed.
+      - name: Run mock scenarios
+        run: make -k e2e_mock
+      - name: Upload logs on failure
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: e2e-logs
+          path: /tmp/e2e-mock-*.log
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
@@ -15,8 +15,13 @@ jobs:
    name: Main Process
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    env:
-      GO_VERSION: 1.23
+      # Keep in sync with go.mod. Capped at 1.22 because the plugin is run by
+      # yaegi (bundled in Traefik) and even Traefik v3.7.1 ships yaegi v0.16.1,
+      # which only supports Go 1.22. Building on the floor makes go build / go
+      # test reject newer stdlib before yaegi_test does.
+      GO_VERSION: 1.22
      GOLANGCI_LINT_VERSION: v1.63.4
+      # yaegi_test guard — pin to the version current Traefik bundles.
      YAEGI_VERSION: v0.16.1
      CGO_ENABLED: 0
    defaults:
@@ -33,14 +38,14 @@ jobs:

      # https://github.com/marketplace/actions/checkout
      - name: Check out code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7
        with:
          path: go/src/github.com/${{ github.repository }}
          fetch-depth: 0

      # https://github.com/marketplace/actions/cache
      - name: Cache Go modules
-        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        uses: actions/cache@v6
        with:
          path: ${{ github.workspace }}/go/pkg/mod
          key: ${{ runner.os }}-go-${{ hashFiles('**/go.sum') }}
@@ -1,46 +0,0 @@
-name: Release Version Update
-
-on:
-  release:
-    types: [published]
-
-permissions:
-  contents: write
-
-jobs:
-  update-version:
-    name: Update version in source
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6
-        with:
-          ref: main
-
-      - name: Extract version from tag
-        id: get_version
-        run: |
-          TAG="${{ github.event.release.tag_name }}"
-          VERSION="${TAG#v}"
-          echo "version=$VERSION" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
-          echo "tag=$TAG" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
-
-      - name: Update version in version.go
-        run: |
-          sed -i 's/pluginVersion = "[^"]*"/pluginVersion = "'"${{ steps.get_version.outputs.version }}"'"/' version.go
-          cat version.go
-
-      - name: Commit, push, and retag
-        run: |
-          git config user.name "github-actions[bot]"
-          git config user.email "github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com"
-          git add version.go
-          if git diff --cached --quiet; then
-            echo "Version already up to date, nothing to commit"
-            exit 0
-          fi
-          git commit -m "⬆️ chore: bump version to ${{ steps.get_version.outputs.version }}"
-          git push origin main
-          # Move the release tag to include the version update
-          git tag -f "${{ steps.get_version.outputs.tag }}"
-          git push -f origin "${{ steps.get_version.outputs.tag }}"
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+name: Renovate
+
+# Self-hosted Renovate: opens dependency-update PRs on a weekly schedule.
+# Config lives in /renovate.json. Requires a repo/org secret RENOVATE_TOKEN
+# (a PAT with `repo` + `workflow` scope, or a fine-grained token with
+# contents:write + pull-requests:write) so Renovate can push branches and open
+# PRs. Trigger manually from the Actions tab via "Run workflow" to test.
+
+on:
+  schedule:
+    - cron: "0 4 * * 1" # every Monday at 04:00 UTC
+  workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      logLevel:
+        description: "Renovate log level"
+        required: false
+        default: "info"
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: renovate
+  cancel-in-progress: false
+
+jobs:
+  renovate:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Run Renovate
+        uses: renovatebot/github-action@v46.1.17
+        with:
+          token: ${{ secrets.RENOVATE_TOKEN }}
+        env:
+          RENOVATE_REPOSITORIES: ${{ github.repository }}
+          RENOVATE_ONBOARDING: "false"
+          RENOVATE_REQUIRE_CONFIG: "required"
+          # The grouped "all" branch holds many upgrades; changelog/PR-body
+          # rendering for it blew the default 4GB V8 heap (exit 134 OOM).
+          NODE_OPTIONS: "--max-old-space-size=8192"
+          LOG_LEVEL: ${{ github.event.inputs.logLevel || 'info' }}
@@ -5,3 +5,7 @@ conf
 db
 logs
 docker-compose.dev.yml
+
+# Binary e2e suite working cache: Traefik binary + compiled mock. Persisted
+# across local runs; CI runs on fresh runners so it is recreated every time.
+tests/e2e/mock/.cache/
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ linters-settings:
    disable:
      - fieldalignment
  gocyclo:
-    min-complexity: 15
+    min-complexity: 20
  goconst:
    min-len: 5
    min-occurrences: 4
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ linters-settings:
          - $test
        allow:
          - $gostd
+          - github.com/maxlerebourg/simpleredis
          - github.com/maxlerebourg/crowdsec-bouncer-traefik-plugin/pkg/logger
          - github.com/maxlerebourg/crowdsec-bouncer-traefik-plugin/pkg/ip
          - github.com/maxlerebourg/crowdsec-bouncer-traefik-plugin/pkg/configuration
@@ -1,7 +1,11 @@
-.PHONY: lint test vendor clean
+.PHONY: lint test vendor clean e2e_mock

 export GO111MODULE=on

+# Binary/mock suite (Traefik binary + mock LAPI). This is what CI runs.
+# The local Docker suite (make e2e) lives in a separate PR/branch.
+E2E_MOCK_SCENARIOS := $(notdir $(wildcard tests/e2e/mock/scenarios/*))
+
 default: lint test

 lint:
@@ -13,6 +17,11 @@ test:
 yaegi_test:
 	yaegi test -v .

+e2e_mock: $(addprefix e2e_mock_,$(E2E_MOCK_SCENARIOS))
+
+e2e_mock_%:
+	bash ./tests/e2e/mock/scenarios/$*/run.sh
+
 vendor:
 	go mod vendor

@@ -115,4 +124,3 @@ show_metrics:

 show_decisions:
 	docker exec crowdsec cscli decisions list
-
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ sequenceDiagram
    User->>TraefikPlugin: Can I access that webpage
    create participant CrowdsecLAPI
    TraefikPlugin-->>CrowdsecLAPI: Does the User IP has a Crowdsec Decision ?
-    Destroy CrowdsecLAPI
+    destroy CrowdsecLAPI
    CrowdsecLAPI-->>TraefikPlugin: Yes a ban Decision
    TraefikPlugin->>User: No, HTTP 403
 ```
@@ -82,9 +82,9 @@ sequenceDiagram
    User->>TraefikPlugin: Can I access that webpage
    create participant CrowdsecLAPI
    TraefikPlugin-->>CrowdsecLAPI: Does the User IP has a crowdsec decision ?
-    Destroy CrowdsecLAPI
+    destroy CrowdsecLAPI
    CrowdsecLAPI-->>TraefikPlugin: Nothing, all good!
-    Destroy TraefikPlugin
+    destroy TraefikPlugin
    TraefikPlugin->>Webserver: Forwarding this HTTP Request from User
    Webserver->>User: HTTP Response
 ```
@@ -105,10 +105,10 @@ sequenceDiagram
    PluginCache-->>TraefikPlugin: Nothing, all good!
    create participant CrowdsecLAPI
    TraefikPlugin-->>CrowdsecLAPI: Does the User IP has a crowdsec decision ?
-    Destroy CrowdsecLAPI
+    destroy CrowdsecLAPI
    CrowdsecLAPI-->>TraefikPlugin: Yes a ban Decision
    TraefikPlugin-->>PluginCache: Store the information for this IP for DefaultDecisionSeconds
-    Destroy PluginCache
+    destroy PluginCache
    PluginCache-->>TraefikPlugin: Done
    TraefikPlugin->>User: No, HTTP 403
 ```
@@ -125,10 +125,10 @@ sequenceDiagram
    PluginCache-->>TraefikPlugin: Nothing, all good!
    create participant CrowdsecLAPI
    TraefikPlugin-->>CrowdsecLAPI: Does the User IP has a crowdsec decision ?
-    Destroy CrowdsecLAPI
+    destroy CrowdsecLAPI
    CrowdsecLAPI-->>TraefikPlugin: Nothing, all good!
    TraefikPlugin-->>PluginCache: Store the information for this IP for DefaultDecisionSeconds
-    Destroy PluginCache
+    destroy PluginCache
    PluginCache-->>TraefikPlugin: Done
    TraefikPlugin->>Webserver: Forwarding this HTTP Request from User
    Webserver->>User: HTTP Response
@@ -145,11 +145,11 @@ sequenceDiagram
    participant TraefikPlugin
    participant CrowdsecLAPI
    TraefikPlugin->>CrowdsecLAPI: What are the current decisions
-    Destroy CrowdsecLAPI
+    destroy CrowdsecLAPI
    CrowdsecLAPI->>TraefikPlugin: Here is the list
    create participant PluginCache
    TraefikPlugin-->>PluginCache: Store this list
-    Destroy PluginCache
+    destroy PluginCache
    PluginCache-->>TraefikPlugin: Done
 ```

@@ -162,9 +162,9 @@ sequenceDiagram
    User->>TraefikPlugin: Can I access that webpage
    create participant PluginCache
    TraefikPlugin-->>PluginCache: Does the User IP has a crowdsec decision ?
-    Destroy PluginCache
+    destroy PluginCache
    PluginCache-->>TraefikPlugin: Yes a ban decision
-    Destroy TraefikPlugin
+    destroy TraefikPlugin
    TraefikPlugin->>User: No, HTTP 403
 ```

@@ -177,9 +177,9 @@ sequenceDiagram
    User->>TraefikPlugin: Can I access that webpage
    create participant PluginCache
    TraefikPlugin-->>PluginCache: Does the User IP has a crowdsec decision ?
-    Destroy PluginCache
+    destroy PluginCache
    PluginCache-->>TraefikPlugin: Nothing, all good!
-    Destroy TraefikPlugin
+    destroy TraefikPlugin
    TraefikPlugin->>Webserver: Forwarding this HTTP Request from User
    Webserver->>User: HTTP Response
 ```
@@ -195,11 +195,11 @@ sequenceDiagram
    participant TraefikPlugin
    participant CrowdsecCAPI
    TraefikPlugin->>CrowdsecCAPI: What are the current decisions from CAPI
-    Destroy CrowdsecCAPI
+    destroy CrowdsecCAPI
    CrowdsecCAPI->>TraefikPlugin: Here is the list
    create participant PluginCache
    TraefikPlugin-->>PluginCache: Store this list
-    Destroy PluginCache
+    destroy PluginCache
    PluginCache-->>TraefikPlugin: Done
 ```

@@ -212,9 +212,9 @@ sequenceDiagram
    User->>TraefikPlugin: Can I access that webpage
    create participant PluginCache
    TraefikPlugin-->>PluginCache: Does the User IP has a crowdsec decision ?
-    Destroy PluginCache
+    destroy PluginCache
    PluginCache-->>TraefikPlugin: Yes a ban decision
-    Destroy TraefikPlugin
+    destroy TraefikPlugin
    TraefikPlugin->>User: No, HTTP 403
 ```

@@ -227,9 +227,9 @@ sequenceDiagram
    User->>TraefikPlugin: Can I access that webpage
    create participant PluginCache
    TraefikPlugin-->>PluginCache: Does the User IP has a crowdsec decision ?
-    Destroy PluginCache
+    destroy PluginCache
    PluginCache-->>TraefikPlugin: Nothing, all good!
-    Destroy TraefikPlugin
+    destroy TraefikPlugin
    TraefikPlugin->>Webserver: Forwarding this HTTP Request from User
    Webserver->>User: HTTP Response
 ```
@@ -247,9 +247,9 @@ sequenceDiagram
    User->>TraefikPlugin: Can I access that webpage
    create participant CrowdsecAppSec
    TraefikPlugin-->>CrowdsecAppSec: Is this request malicious ?
-    Destroy CrowdsecAppSec
+    destroy CrowdsecAppSec
    CrowdsecAppSec-->>TraefikPlugin: Yes I think so
-    Destroy TraefikPlugin
+    destroy TraefikPlugin
    TraefikPlugin->>User: No, HTTP 403
 ```

@@ -262,9 +262,9 @@ sequenceDiagram
    User->>TraefikPlugin: Can I access that webpage
    create participant CrowdsecAppSec
    TraefikPlugin-->>CrowdsecAppSec: Is this request malicious ?
-    Destroy CrowdsecAppSec
+    destroy CrowdsecAppSec
    CrowdsecAppSec-->>TraefikPlugin: No I don't think so
-    Destroy TraefikPlugin
+    destroy TraefikPlugin
    TraefikPlugin->>Webserver: Forwarding this HTTP Request from User
    Webserver->>User: HTTP Response
 ```
@@ -285,12 +285,12 @@ sequenceDiagram
    User->>TraefikPlugin: Fine, done!
    create participant ProviderCaptcha
    TraefikPlugin-->>ProviderCaptcha: Is the validation OK ?
-    Destroy ProviderCaptcha
+    destroy ProviderCaptcha
    ProviderCaptcha-->>TraefikPlugin: Yes
    TraefikPlugin-->>PluginCache: Set the User IP Clean for captchaGracePeriodSeconds
-    Destroy PluginCache
+    destroy PluginCache
    PluginCache-->>TraefikPlugin: Done
-    Destroy TraefikPlugin
+    destroy TraefikPlugin
    TraefikPlugin->>Webserver: Forwarding this HTTP Request from User
    Webserver->>User: HTTP Response
 ```
@@ -362,7 +362,7 @@ make run
 - CrowdsecAppsecTlsCertificateAuthority
  - string
  - default: ""
-  - PEM-encoded Certificate Authority of Appsec
+  - PEM-encoded Certificate Authority used to verify Appsec's server certificate. When empty (and `crowdsecAppsecTlsInsecureVerify` is `false`), the host's system trust store is used.
 - CrowdsecAppsecScheme
  - string
  - default: value of `CrowdsecLapiScheme`, expected values are: `http`, `https`
@@ -382,6 +382,10 @@ make run
  - int64
  - default: 10485760 (= 10MB)
  - Transmit only the first number of bytes to Crowdsec Appsec Server.
+- CrowdsecAppsecUnreadableBodyBlock
+  - bool
+  - default: false
+  - Behaviour when the request body cannot be buffered for inspection (HTTP/2 or HTTP/3 request without a `Content-Length`, typically a bidirectional gRPC stream). When `false` (default) the request is forwarded to the Appsec Server with headers only (the body is left to stream through untouched). When `true` the request is blocked outright. Mirrors the reference bouncers' `APPSEC_DROP_UNREADABLE_BODY` option.
 - CrowdsecAppsecKey
  - string
  - default: value of `CrowdsecLapiKey`
@@ -408,7 +412,7 @@ make run
 - CrowdsecLapiTlsCertificateAuthority
  - string
  - default: ""
-  - PEM-encoded Certificate Authority of the Crowdsec LAPI
+  - PEM-encoded Certificate Authority used to verify the LAPI's server certificate. When empty (and `crowdsecLapiTlsInsecureVerify` is `false`), the host's system trust store is used.
 - CrowdsecLapiTlsCertificateBouncer
  - string
  - default: ""
@@ -440,7 +444,12 @@ make run
 - RedisCacheHost
  - string
  - default: "redis:6379"
-  - hostname and port for the Redis service
+  - hostname and port for the Redis write host (primary)
+- RedisCacheReadHosts
+  - []string
+  - default: []
+  - List of Redis replica hostnames (host:port) to use for read operations. Reads are distributed round-robin across replicas. Falls back to RedisCacheHost when empty.
+  - Note: when set, reads are not retried against RedisCacheHost (the primary) if the replicas are unreachable. With RedisCacheUnreachableBlock at its default (true), a replica outage will therefore block/delay requests even though the primary is healthy.
 - RedisCachePassword
  - string
  - default: ""
@@ -513,14 +522,14 @@ make run
  - int64
  - default: 1800 (= 30 minutes)
  - Period after validation of a captcha before a new validation is required if Crowdsec decision is still valid
- CaptchaHTMLFilePath
+- CaptchaFilePath
  - string
  - default: /captcha.html
-  - Path where the captcha template is stored
- BanHTMLFilePath
+  - Path where the captcha template is stored. The Content-Type header is automatically inferred from the file extension.
+- BanFilePath
  - string
  - default: ""
-  - Path where the ban html file is stored (default empty ""=disabled)
+  - Path where the ban file is stored (default empty ""=disabled). The Content-Type header is automatically inferred from the file extension.
 - TraceHeadersCustomName
  - string
  - default: ""
@@ -616,6 +625,7 @@ http:
          crowdsecAppsecFailureBlock: true
          crowdsecAppsecUnreachableBlock: true
          crowdsecAppsecBodyLimit: 10485760
+          crowdsecAppsecUnreadableBodyBlock: false
          crowdsecLapiKey: privateKey-foo
          crowdsecLapiScheme: http
          crowdsecLapiHost: crowdsec:8080
@@ -635,7 +645,10 @@ http:
          forwardedHeadersCustomName: X-Custom-Header
          remediationHeadersCustomName: cs-remediation
          redisCacheEnabled: false
-          redisCacheHost: "redis:6379"
+          redisCacheHost: "redis-primary:6379"
+          redisCacheReadHosts:
+            - "redis-replica-1:6379"
+            - "redis-replica-2:6379"
          redisCachePassword: password
          redisCacheDatabase: "5"
          redisCacheUnreachableBlock: true
@@ -727,16 +740,18 @@ A script is available to generate certificates in `examples/tls-auth/gencerts.sh

 #### Use HTTPS to communicate with the LAPI

-To communicate with the LAPI in HTTPS you need to either accept any certificates by setting the `crowdsecLapiTLSInsecureVerify` to true or add the CA used by the server certificate of Crowdsec using `crowdsecLapiTLSCertificateAuthority` or `crowdsecLapiTLSCertificateAuthorityFile`.
-Set the `crowdsecLapiScheme` to https.
+Set `crowdsecLapiScheme` to `https`. The plugin then validates Crowdsec's server certificate. Three options:
+
+- **Publicly trusted certificate** (e.g. Let's Encrypt behind a reverse proxy): leave `crowdsecLapiTLSCertificateAuthority` empty and `crowdsecLapiTLSInsecureVerify` `false`. The plugin falls back to the host's system trust store (the `traefik` image ships `ca-certificates`).
+- **Private/self-signed CA**: set `crowdsecLapiTLSCertificateAuthority` (or `…File`) to the PEM-encoded CA that signed Crowdsec's server cert.
+- **Skip verification entirely** (not recommended for production): set `crowdsecLapiTLSInsecureVerify` to `true`.

 Crowdsec must be listening in HTTPS for this to work.
 Please see the [tls-auth example](https://github.com/maxlerebourg/crowdsec-bouncer-traefik-plugin/blob/main/examples/tls-auth/README.md) or the official documentation: [docs.crowdsec.net/docs/local_api/tls_auth/](https://docs.crowdsec.net/docs/local_api/tls_auth/)

 #### Use HTTPS to communicate with the Appsec

-To communicate with the Appsec in HTTPS you need to either accept any certificates by setting the `crowdsecAppsecTLSInsecureVerify` to true or add the CA used by the server certificate of Crowdsec using `crowdsecAppsecTLSCertificateAuthority` or `crowdsecAppsecTLSCertificateAuthorityFile`.
-Set the `crowdsecAppsecScheme` to https.
+Set `crowdsecAppsecScheme` to `https`. Same three options as for the LAPI, prefixed `crowdsecAppsec…` instead of `crowdsecLapi…`: empty CA + secure verify falls back to the system trust store, a custom CA pins to your private PKI, and `crowdsecAppsecTLSInsecureVerify=true` skips verification altogether.

 Currently AppSec does not support mTLS authentication for the AppSec Component.

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	htmltemplate "html/template"
 	"io"
 	"log/slog"
 	"net/http"
@@ -84,49 +83,59 @@ type Bouncer struct {
 	name     string
 	template *template.Template

-	enabled                 bool
-	appsecEnabled           bool
-	appsecScheme            string
-	appsecHost              string
-	appsecPath              string
-	appsecKey               string
-	appsecFailureBlock      bool
-	appsecUnreachableBlock  bool
-	appsecBodyLimit         int64
-	crowdsecScheme          string
-	crowdsecHost            string
-	crowdsecPath            string
-	crowdsecKey             string
-	crowdsecMode            string
-	crowdsecMachineID       string
-	crowdsecPassword        string
-	crowdsecScenarios       []string
-	updateInterval          int64
-	updateMaxFailure        int64
-	defaultDecisionTimeout  int64
-	remediationStatusCode   int
-	remediationCustomHeader string
-	forwardedCustomHeader   string
-	crowdsecStreamRoute     string
-	crowdsecHeader          string
-	redisUnreachableBlock   bool
-	banTemplate             *htmltemplate.Template
-	traceCustomHeader       string
-	clientPoolStrategy      *ip.PoolStrategy
-	serverPoolStrategy      *ip.PoolStrategy
-	httpClient              *http.Client
-	httpAppsecClient        *http.Client
-	cacheClient             *cache.Client
-	captchaClient           *captcha.Client
-	log                     *slog.Logger
+	enabled                   bool
+	appsecEnabled             bool
+	appsecScheme              string
+	appsecHost                string
+	appsecPath                string
+	appsecKey                 string
+	appsecFailureBlock        bool
+	appsecUnreachableBlock    bool
+	appsecUnreadableBodyBlock bool
+	appsecBodyLimit           int64
+	crowdsecScheme            string
+	crowdsecHost              string
+	crowdsecPath              string
+	crowdsecKey               string
+	crowdsecMode              string
+	crowdsecMachineID         string
+	crowdsecPassword          string
+	crowdsecScenarios         []string
+	updateInterval            int64
+	updateMaxFailure          int64
+	defaultDecisionTimeout    int64
+	remediationStatusCode     int
+	remediationCustomHeader   string
+	forwardedCustomHeader     string
+	crowdsecStreamRoute       string
+	crowdsecHeader            string
+	redisUnreachableBlock     bool
+	banTemplate               *template.Template
+	banTemplateContentType    string
+	traceCustomHeader         string
+	clientPoolStrategy        *ip.PoolStrategy
+	serverPoolStrategy        *ip.PoolStrategy
+	httpClient                *http.Client
+	httpAppsecClient          *http.Client
+	cacheClient               *cache.Client
+	captchaClient             *captcha.Client
+	log                       *slog.Logger
 }

 // New creates the crowdsec bouncer plugin.
 //
-//nolint:nestif,gocyclo,gocognit
+//nolint:nestif,gocyclo,gocognit,funlen,maintidx
 func New(_ context.Context, next http.Handler, config *configuration.Config, name string) (http.Handler, error) {
 	config.LogLevel = strings.ToUpper(config.LogLevel)
 	log := logger.NewWithFormat(config.LogLevel, config.LogFilePath, config.LogFormat)
+
+	if config.BanFilePath == "" && config.BanHTMLFilePath != "" {
+		config.BanFilePath = config.BanHTMLFilePath
+	}
+	if config.CaptchaHTMLFilePath != "" {
+		config.CaptchaFilePath = config.CaptchaHTMLFilePath
+	}
+
 	err := configuration.ValidateParams(config, log)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Error("New:validateParams " + err.Error())
@@ -184,9 +193,10 @@ func New(_ context.Context, next http.Handler, config *configuration.Config, nam
 		}
 	}

-	var banTemplate *htmltemplate.Template
-	if config.BanHTMLFilePath != "" {
-		banTemplate, _ = configuration.GetHTMLTemplate(config.BanHTMLFilePath)
+	var banTemplate *template.Template
+	var banTemplateContentType string
+	if config.BanFilePath != "" {
+		banTemplate, banTemplateContentType, _ = configuration.GetTemplate(config.BanFilePath)
 	}

 	bouncer := &Bouncer{
@@ -194,35 +204,37 @@ func New(_ context.Context, next http.Handler, config *configuration.Config, nam
 		name:     name,
 		template: template.New("CrowdsecBouncer").Delims("[[", "]]"),

-		enabled:                 config.Enabled,
-		crowdsecMode:            config.CrowdsecMode,
-		appsecEnabled:           config.CrowdsecAppsecEnabled,
-		appsecScheme:            config.CrowdsecAppsecScheme,
-		appsecHost:              config.CrowdsecAppsecHost,
-		appsecPath:              config.CrowdsecAppsecPath,
-		appsecKey:               config.CrowdsecAppsecKey,
-		appsecFailureBlock:      config.CrowdsecAppsecFailureBlock,
-		appsecUnreachableBlock:  config.CrowdsecAppsecUnreachableBlock,
-		appsecBodyLimit:         config.CrowdsecAppsecBodyLimit,
-		crowdsecScheme:          config.CrowdsecLapiScheme,
-		crowdsecHost:            config.CrowdsecLapiHost,
-		crowdsecPath:            config.CrowdsecLapiPath,
-		crowdsecKey:             config.CrowdsecLapiKey,
-		crowdsecMachineID:       config.CrowdsecCapiMachineID,
-		crowdsecPassword:        config.CrowdsecCapiPassword,
-		crowdsecScenarios:       config.CrowdsecCapiScenarios,
-		updateInterval:          config.UpdateIntervalSeconds,
-		updateMaxFailure:        config.UpdateMaxFailure,
-		remediationCustomHeader: config.RemediationHeadersCustomName,
-		forwardedCustomHeader:   config.ForwardedHeadersCustomName,
-		defaultDecisionTimeout:  config.DefaultDecisionSeconds,
-		remediationStatusCode:   config.RemediationStatusCode,
-		redisUnreachableBlock:   config.RedisCacheUnreachableBlock,
-		banTemplate:             banTemplate,
-		traceCustomHeader:       config.TraceHeadersCustomName,
-		crowdsecStreamRoute:     crowdsecStreamRoute,
-		crowdsecHeader:          crowdsecHeader,
-		log:                     log,
+		enabled:                   config.Enabled,
+		crowdsecMode:              config.CrowdsecMode,
+		appsecEnabled:             config.CrowdsecAppsecEnabled,
+		appsecScheme:              config.CrowdsecAppsecScheme,
+		appsecHost:                config.CrowdsecAppsecHost,
+		appsecPath:                config.CrowdsecAppsecPath,
+		appsecKey:                 config.CrowdsecAppsecKey,
+		appsecFailureBlock:        config.CrowdsecAppsecFailureBlock,
+		appsecUnreachableBlock:    config.CrowdsecAppsecUnreachableBlock,
+		appsecUnreadableBodyBlock: config.CrowdsecAppsecUnreadableBodyBlock,
+		appsecBodyLimit:           config.CrowdsecAppsecBodyLimit,
+		crowdsecScheme:            config.CrowdsecLapiScheme,
+		crowdsecHost:              config.CrowdsecLapiHost,
+		crowdsecPath:              config.CrowdsecLapiPath,
+		crowdsecKey:               config.CrowdsecLapiKey,
+		crowdsecMachineID:         config.CrowdsecCapiMachineID,
+		crowdsecPassword:          config.CrowdsecCapiPassword,
+		crowdsecScenarios:         config.CrowdsecCapiScenarios,
+		updateInterval:            config.UpdateIntervalSeconds,
+		updateMaxFailure:          config.UpdateMaxFailure,
+		remediationCustomHeader:   config.RemediationHeadersCustomName,
+		forwardedCustomHeader:     config.ForwardedHeadersCustomName,
+		defaultDecisionTimeout:    config.DefaultDecisionSeconds,
+		remediationStatusCode:     config.RemediationStatusCode,
+		redisUnreachableBlock:     config.RedisCacheUnreachableBlock,
+		banTemplate:               banTemplate,
+		banTemplateContentType:    banTemplateContentType,
+		traceCustomHeader:         config.TraceHeadersCustomName,
+		crowdsecStreamRoute:       crowdsecStreamRoute,
+		crowdsecHeader:            crowdsecHeader,
+		log:                       log,
 		serverPoolStrategy: &ip.PoolStrategy{
 			Checker: serverChecker,
 		},
@@ -256,6 +268,7 @@ func New(_ context.Context, next http.Handler, config *configuration.Config, nam
 		log,
 		config.RedisCacheEnabled,
 		config.RedisCacheHost,
+		config.RedisCacheReadHosts,
 		config.RedisCachePassword,
 		config.RedisCacheDatabase,
 	)
@@ -276,7 +289,7 @@ func New(_ context.Context, next http.Handler, config *configuration.Config, nam
 		config.CaptchaSiteKey,
 		config.CaptchaSecretKey,
 		config.RemediationHeadersCustomName,
-		config.CaptchaHTMLFilePath,
+		config.CaptchaFilePath,
 		config.CaptchaGracePeriodSeconds,
 	)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -317,7 +330,7 @@ func New(_ context.Context, next http.Handler, config *configuration.Config, nam

 // ServeHTTP principal function of plugin.
 //
-//nolint:nestif,gocyclo
+//nolint:nestif
 func (bouncer *Bouncer) ServeHTTP(rw http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
 	if !bouncer.enabled {
 		bouncer.next.ServeHTTP(rw, req)
@@ -433,14 +446,9 @@ func (bouncer *Bouncer) handleBanServeHTTP(rw http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Req
 	if bouncer.remediationCustomHeader != "" {
 		rw.Header().Set(bouncer.remediationCustomHeader, "ban")
 	}
-	if bouncer.banTemplate == nil {
-		rw.WriteHeader(bouncer.remediationStatusCode)
-		return
-	}
-	rw.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/html; charset=utf-8")
+	rw.Header().Set("Content-Type", bouncer.banTemplateContentType)
 	rw.WriteHeader(bouncer.remediationStatusCode)
-
-	if req.Method == http.MethodHead {
+	if bouncer.banTemplate == nil || req.Method == http.MethodHead {
 		return
 	}
 	templateData := map[string]string{
@@ -672,6 +680,12 @@ func handleStreamCache(bouncer *Bouncer) error {
 	return nil
 }

+func isReverseProxyError(statusCode int) bool {
+	return statusCode == http.StatusBadGateway ||
+		statusCode == http.StatusServiceUnavailable ||
+		statusCode == http.StatusGatewayTimeout
+}
+
 func crowdsecQuery(bouncer *Bouncer, stringURL string, data []byte) ([]byte, error) {
 	var req *http.Request
 	if len(data) > 0 {
@@ -683,7 +697,7 @@ func crowdsecQuery(bouncer *Bouncer, stringURL string, data []byte) ([]byte, err
 	req.Header.Set("User-Agent", "Crowdsec-Bouncer-Traefik-Plugin/"+pluginVersion)

 	res, err := bouncer.httpClient.Do(req)
-	if err != nil {
+	if err != nil || isReverseProxyError(res.StatusCode) {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("crowdsecQuery:unreachable url:%s %w", stringURL, err)
 	}
 	defer func() {
@@ -711,6 +725,27 @@ func crowdsecQuery(bouncer *Bouncer, stringURL string, data []byte) ([]byte, err
 	return body, nil
 }

+// isBodyUnreadable reports whether the request body cannot be buffered before
+// forwarding it to the Appsec component. An HTTP/2 or HTTP/3 request without a
+// Content-Length (typically a bidirectional gRPC stream) keeps its body open
+// for the whole life of the stream and never reaches EOF, so reading it with
+// io.ReadAll would block until the request times out and is wrongly turned into
+// a 403. This mirrors the reference lua-cs-bouncer behavior, which refuses to
+// read the body of an HTTP/2+ request that has no Content-Length.
+func isBodyUnreadable(httpReq *http.Request) bool {
+	return httpReq.Body != nil && httpReq.Body != http.NoBody && httpReq.ProtoMajor >= 2 && httpReq.ContentLength < 0
+}
+
+// isMethodWithBody used only when isBodyUnreadable returns true but the request method can't have body.
+func isMethodWithBody(method string) bool {
+	switch method {
+	case http.MethodPost, http.MethodPut, http.MethodPatch, http.MethodDelete:
+		return true
+	default:
+		return false
+	}
+}
+
 func appsecQuery(bouncer *Bouncer, ip string, httpReq *http.Request) error {
 	routeURL := url.URL{
 		Scheme: bouncer.appsecScheme,
@@ -718,7 +753,13 @@ func appsecQuery(bouncer *Bouncer, ip string, httpReq *http.Request) error {
 		Path:   bouncer.appsecPath,
 	}
 	var req *http.Request
-	if bouncer.appsecBodyLimit > 0 && httpReq.Body != nil {
+	switch {
+	case isBodyUnreadable(httpReq):
+		if bouncer.appsecUnreadableBodyBlock && isMethodWithBody(httpReq.Method) {
+			return errors.New("appsecQuery:unreadableBody dropped")
+		}
+		req, _ = http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, routeURL.String(), nil)
+	case bouncer.appsecBodyLimit > 0 && httpReq.Body != nil:
 		var bodyBuffer bytes.Buffer
 		limitedReader := io.LimitReader(httpReq.Body, bouncer.appsecBodyLimit)
 		teeReader := io.TeeReader(limitedReader, &bodyBuffer)
@@ -729,7 +770,7 @@ func appsecQuery(bouncer *Bouncer, ip string, httpReq *http.Request) error {
 		// Conserve body intact after reading it for other middlewares and service
 		httpReq.Body = io.NopCloser(io.MultiReader(&bodyBuffer, httpReq.Body))
 		req, _ = http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, routeURL.String(), bytes.NewBuffer(bodyBytes))
-	} else {
+	default:
 		req, _ = http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, routeURL.String(), nil)
 	}

@@ -747,7 +788,7 @@ func appsecQuery(bouncer *Bouncer, ip string, httpReq *http.Request) error {
 	req.Header.Set("User-Agent", "Crowdsec-Bouncer-Traefik-Plugin/"+pluginVersion)

 	res, err := bouncer.httpAppsecClient.Do(req)
-	if err != nil {
+	if err != nil || isReverseProxyError(res.StatusCode) {
 		bouncer.log.Error("appsecQuery:unreachable")
 		if bouncer.appsecUnreachableBlock {
 			return fmt.Errorf("appsecQuery:unreachable %w", err)
@@ -32,13 +32,13 @@ func getTestConfig() *configuration.Config {
 		ForwardedHeadersTrustedIPs:           []string{"127.0.0.1"},
 		ForwardedHeadersCustomName:           "",
 		RemediationStatusCode:                403,
-		BanHTMLFilePath:                      "",
+		BanFilePath:                          "",
 		RemediationHeadersCustomName:         "",
 		CaptchaProvider:                      "",
 		CaptchaSiteKey:                       "",
 		CaptchaSecretKey:                     "",
 		CaptchaGracePeriodSeconds:            1,
-		CaptchaHTMLFilePath:                  "",
+		CaptchaFilePath:                      "",
 		RedisCacheEnabled:                    false,
 		RedisCacheHost:                       "",
 		RedisCachePassword:                   "",
@@ -2,16 +2,20 @@ package crowdsec_bouncer_traefik_plugin //nolint:revive,stylecheck

 import (
 	"context"
-	htmltemplate "html/template"
+	"io"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/http/httptest"
+	"net/url"
 	"reflect"
+	"strings"
 	"testing"
 	"text/template"
+	"time"

 	cache "github.com/maxlerebourg/crowdsec-bouncer-traefik-plugin/pkg/cache"
 	configuration "github.com/maxlerebourg/crowdsec-bouncer-traefik-plugin/pkg/configuration"
 	ip "github.com/maxlerebourg/crowdsec-bouncer-traefik-plugin/pkg/ip"
+	logger "github.com/maxlerebourg/crowdsec-bouncer-traefik-plugin/pkg/logger"
 )

 func TestServeHTTP(t *testing.T) {
@@ -190,11 +194,11 @@ func Test_crowdsecQuery(t *testing.T) {

 func TestHandleBanServeHTTPWithDifferentMethods(t *testing.T) {
 	html := "<html>You are banned</html>"
-	banTemplate, _ := htmltemplate.New("html").Parse(html)
+	banTemplate, _ := template.New("html").Delims("{{", "}}").Parse(html)
 	tests := []struct {
 		name              string
 		method            string
-		banTemplate       *htmltemplate.Template
+		banTemplate       *template.Template
 		expectBodyContent bool
 	}{
 		{
@@ -235,6 +239,7 @@ func TestHandleBanServeHTTPWithDifferentMethods(t *testing.T) {
 				remediationStatusCode:   http.StatusForbidden,
 				remediationCustomHeader: "X-Test-Remediation",
 				banTemplate:             tt.banTemplate,
+				banTemplateContentType:  "text/html; charset=utf-8",
 			}

 			rw := httptest.NewRecorder()
@@ -269,6 +274,50 @@ func TestHandleBanServeHTTPWithDifferentMethods(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }

+func TestHandleBanServeHTTPContentType(t *testing.T) {
+	html := "<html>You are banned</html>"
+	banTemplate, _ := template.New("html").Delims("{{", "}}").Parse(html)
+	tests := []struct {
+		name                   string
+		banTemplate            *template.Template
+		banTemplateContentType string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:                   "Default HTML content type",
+			banTemplate:            banTemplate,
+			banTemplateContentType: "text/html; charset=utf-8",
+		},
+		{
+			name:                   "Custom JSON content type",
+			banTemplate:            banTemplate,
+			banTemplateContentType: "application/json",
+		},
+		{
+			name:                   "Content type set even when banTemplate is nil",
+			banTemplate:            nil,
+			banTemplateContentType: "application/json",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			bouncer := &Bouncer{
+				remediationStatusCode:  http.StatusForbidden,
+				banTemplate:            tt.banTemplate,
+				banTemplateContentType: tt.banTemplateContentType,
+			}
+
+			rw := httptest.NewRecorder()
+			req := &http.Request{Method: http.MethodGet}
+			bouncer.handleBanServeHTTP(rw, req, "0.0.0.0", "TEST")
+
+			if got := rw.Header().Get("Content-Type"); got != tt.banTemplateContentType {
+				t.Errorf("Expected Content-Type %q, got %q", tt.banTemplateContentType, got)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
 func TestCaptchaMethodBasedLogic(t *testing.T) {
 	tests := []struct {
 		name              string
@@ -332,3 +381,177 @@ func TestCaptchaMethodBasedLogic(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+// blockingBody simulates a request body that never reaches EOF, like a
+// bidirectional gRPC stream that keeps its body open for the whole life of
+// the connection. Reading from it blocks until the test is done.
+type blockingBody struct {
+	done <-chan struct{}
+}
+
+func (b blockingBody) Read(_ []byte) (int, error) {
+	<-b.done
+	return 0, io.EOF
+}
+
+func (blockingBody) Close() error { return nil }
+
+func Test_isBodyUnreadable(t *testing.T) {
+	realBody := func() io.ReadCloser { return io.NopCloser(strings.NewReader("data")) }
+	tests := []struct {
+		name          string
+		protoMajor    int
+		contentLength int64
+		body          io.ReadCloser
+		want          bool
+	}{
+		{name: "http2 grpc stream without content-length", protoMajor: 2, contentLength: -1, body: realBody(), want: true},
+		{name: "http3 stream without content-length", protoMajor: 3, contentLength: -1, body: realBody(), want: true},
+		{name: "http2 with content-length", protoMajor: 2, contentLength: 42, body: realBody(), want: false},
+		{name: "http1.1 chunked without content-length", protoMajor: 1, contentLength: -1, body: realBody(), want: false},
+		{name: "http2 without body", protoMajor: 2, contentLength: -1, body: nil, want: false},
+		{name: "http2 with http.NoBody", protoMajor: 2, contentLength: -1, body: http.NoBody, want: false},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			req, _ := http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "http://localhost", nil)
+			req.ProtoMajor = tt.protoMajor
+			req.ContentLength = tt.contentLength
+			req.Body = tt.body
+			if got := isBodyUnreadable(req); got != tt.want {
+				t.Errorf("isBodyUnreadable() = %v, want %v", got, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// newStreamingRequest builds an HTTP/2 request whose body never reaches EOF,
+// like a bidirectional gRPC stream (issue #323).
+func newStreamingRequest(done <-chan struct{}) *http.Request {
+	req, _ := http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "http://localhost/signalexchange.SignalExchange/ConnectStream", blockingBody{done: done})
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/grpc")
+	req.ProtoMajor = 2
+	req.ContentLength = -1
+	return req
+}
+
+// Test_appsecQuery_streamingDoesNotBlock is a regression test for issue #323:
+// a gRPC streaming request whose body never reaches EOF must not be buffered
+// (io.ReadAll would block until timeout and wrongly produce a 403). The appsec
+// query must complete promptly, inspecting headers only.
+func Test_appsecQuery_streamingDoesNotBlock(t *testing.T) {
+	appsecServer := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(rw http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
+		rw.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+	}))
+	defer appsecServer.Close()
+
+	appsecURL, _ := url.Parse(appsecServer.URL)
+	bouncer := &Bouncer{
+		appsecScheme:           appsecURL.Scheme,
+		appsecHost:             appsecURL.Host,
+		appsecPath:             "/",
+		appsecBodyLimit:        10485760,
+		appsecUnreachableBlock: true,
+		appsecFailureBlock:     true,
+		httpAppsecClient:       appsecServer.Client(),
+		log:                    logger.New("INFO", ""),
+	}
+
+	done := make(chan struct{})
+	defer close(done)
+
+	finished := make(chan error, 1)
+	go func() {
+		finished <- appsecQuery(bouncer, "1.2.3.4", newStreamingRequest(done))
+	}()
+
+	select {
+	case err := <-finished:
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("appsecQuery() on streaming request returned error: %v", err)
+		}
+	case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("appsecQuery() blocked on a streaming request body (issue #323 regression)")
+	}
+}
+
+// Test_appsecQuery_dropUnreadableBody verifies that, when configured to do so,
+// a request with an unreadable body is dropped (blocked) instead of forwarded
+// without its body, mirroring the reference APPSEC_DROP_UNREADABLE_BODY option.
+func Test_appsecQuery_dropUnreadableBody(t *testing.T) {
+	appsecServer := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(rw http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
+		rw.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+	}))
+	defer appsecServer.Close()
+
+	appsecURL, _ := url.Parse(appsecServer.URL)
+	bouncer := &Bouncer{
+		appsecScheme:              appsecURL.Scheme,
+		appsecHost:                appsecURL.Host,
+		appsecPath:                "/",
+		appsecBodyLimit:           10485760,
+		appsecUnreadableBodyBlock: true,
+		httpAppsecClient:          appsecServer.Client(),
+		log:                       logger.New("INFO", ""),
+	}
+
+	done := make(chan struct{})
+	defer close(done)
+
+	finished := make(chan error, 1)
+	go func() {
+		finished <- appsecQuery(bouncer, "1.2.3.4", newStreamingRequest(done))
+	}()
+
+	select {
+	case err := <-finished:
+		if err == nil {
+			t.Error("appsecQuery() expected an error to block the request, got nil")
+		}
+	case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("appsecQuery() blocked on a streaming request body (issue #323 regression)")
+	}
+}
+
+func newUnreadableGetRequest(done <-chan struct{}) *http.Request {
+	req, _ := http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "http://localhost/", blockingBody{done: done})
+	req.ProtoMajor = 3
+	req.ContentLength = -1
+	return req
+}
+
+// Test_appsecQuery_unreadableBodyGetNotDropped is a regression test for issue #351
+func Test_appsecQuery_unreadableBodyGetNotDropped(t *testing.T) {
+	appsecServer := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(rw http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
+		rw.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+	}))
+	defer appsecServer.Close()
+
+	appsecURL, _ := url.Parse(appsecServer.URL)
+	bouncer := &Bouncer{
+		appsecScheme:              appsecURL.Scheme,
+		appsecHost:                appsecURL.Host,
+		appsecPath:                "/",
+		appsecBodyLimit:           10485760,
+		appsecUnreadableBodyBlock: true,
+		httpAppsecClient:          appsecServer.Client(),
+		log:                       logger.New("INFO", ""),
+	}
+
+	done := make(chan struct{})
+	defer close(done)
+
+	finished := make(chan error, 1)
+	go func() {
+		finished <- appsecQuery(bouncer, "1.2.3.4", newUnreadableGetRequest(done))
+	}()
+
+	select {
+	case err := <-finished:
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("appsecQuery() on an HTTP/3 GET without content-length returned error: %v", err)
+		}
+	case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("appsecQuery() blocked on an HTTP/3 GET request body (issue #351 regression)")
+	}
+}
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 services:
  traefik:
-    image: "traefik:v3.5.0"
+    image: "traefik:v3.7.6"
    container_name: "traefik"
    restart: unless-stopped
    command:
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ services:
      - "traefik.http.routers.router-bar3.entrypoints=web"
      - "traefik.http.routers.router-bar3.middlewares=crowdsec2@docker"
  crowdsec:
-    image: crowdsecurity/crowdsec:v1.6.8
+    image: crowdsecurity/crowdsec:v1.7.8
    container_name: "crowdsec"
    restart: unless-stopped
    environment:
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 services:
  traefik:
-    image: "traefik:v3.0.0"
+    image: "traefik:v3.7.6"
    container_name: "traefik"
    restart: unless-stopped
    command:
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ services:
      - "--entrypoints.web.address=:80"

      - "--experimental.plugins.bouncer.modulename=github.com/maxlerebourg/crowdsec-bouncer-traefik-plugin"
-      - "--experimental.plugins.bouncer.version=v1.3.0"
+      - "--experimental.plugins.bouncer.version=v1.6.0"
    volumes:
      - "/var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock:ro"
      # - './ban.html:/ban.html:ro'
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ services:
      - "traefik.http.middlewares.crowdsec.plugin.bouncer.forwardedheaderstrustedips=172.21.0.5"

  crowdsec:
-    image: crowdsecurity/crowdsec:v1.6.8
+    image: crowdsecurity/crowdsec:v1.7.8
    container_name: "crowdsec"
    restart: unless-stopped
    environment:
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 services:
  traefik:
-    image: "traefik:v3.5.0"
+    image: "traefik:v3.7.6"
    container_name: "traefik"
    restart: unless-stopped
    command:
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ services:
      - "--entrypoints.web.address=:80"

      - "--experimental.plugins.bouncer.modulename=github.com/maxlerebourg/crowdsec-bouncer-traefik-plugin"
-      - "--experimental.plugins.bouncer.version=v1.5.0"
+      - "--experimental.plugins.bouncer.version=v1.6.0"
      # - "--experimental.localplugins.bouncer.modulename=github.com/maxlerebourg/crowdsec-bouncer-traefik-plugin"
    volumes:
      - /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock:ro
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ services:
      - "traefik.http.middlewares.crowdsec.plugin.bouncer.crowdsecappsechost=crowdsec:7422"

  crowdsec:
-    image: crowdsecurity/crowdsec:v1.6.1-2
+    image: crowdsecurity/crowdsec:v1.7.8
    container_name: "crowdsec"
    restart: unless-stopped
    environment:
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 services:
  cloudflare:
-    image: "traefik:v3.0.0"
+    image: "traefik:v3.7.6"
    container_name: "cloudflare"
    restart: unless-stopped
    command:
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ services:
      - 8080:8080

  traefik:
-    image: "traefik:v3.0.0"
+    image: "traefik:v3.7.6"
    container_name: "traefik"
    restart: unless-stopped
    command:
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ services:
      - "--entrypoints.web.forwardedheaders.trustedips=172.21.0.5"

      - "--experimental.plugins.bouncer.modulename=github.com/maxlerebourg/crowdsec-bouncer-traefik-plugin"
-      - "--experimental.plugins.bouncer.version=v1.3.0"
+      - "--experimental.plugins.bouncer.version=v1.6.0"
    volumes:
      - /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock:ro
      - logs-traefik:/var/log/traefik
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ services:
  

  crowdsec:
-    image: crowdsecurity/crowdsec:v1.6.1-2
+    image: crowdsecurity/crowdsec:v1.7.8
    container_name: "crowdsec"
    restart: unless-stopped
    environment:
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ More information is available on configuring Crowdsec in the [official documenta
 ```yaml
  ...
  crowdsec:
-    image: crowdsecurity/crowdsec:v1.6.1-2
+    image: crowdsecurity/crowdsec:v1.6.8
    volumes:
      # For captcha and ban mixed decision
      - './profiles.yaml:/etc/crowdsec/profiles.yaml:ro' 
@@ -100,9 +100,9 @@ sequenceDiagram
    User->>TraefikPlugin: Can I access that webpage
    create participant PluginCache
    TraefikPlugin-->>PluginCache: Does the user IP has a crowdsec decision ?
-    Destroy PluginCache
+    destroy PluginCache
    PluginCache-->>TraefikPlugin: Nothing, all good!
-    Destroy TraefikPlugin
+    destroy TraefikPlugin
    TraefikPlugin->>Webserver: Forwarding this HTTP Request from User
    Webserver->>User: HTTP Response
 ```
@@ -121,12 +121,12 @@ sequenceDiagram
    User->>TraefikPlugin: Fine, done!
    create participant ProviderCaptcha
    TraefikPlugin-->>ProviderCaptcha: Is the validation OK ?
-    Destroy ProviderCaptcha    
+    destroy ProviderCaptcha    
    ProviderCaptcha-->>TraefikPlugin: Yes
    TraefikPlugin-->>PluginCache: Set the User IP Clean for captchaGracePeriodSeconds
-    Destroy PluginCache
+    destroy PluginCache
    PluginCache-->>TraefikPlugin: Done
-    Destroy TraefikPlugin
+    destroy TraefikPlugin
    TraefikPlugin->>Webserver: Forwarding this HTTP Request from User
    Webserver->>User: HTTP Response
 ```
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ sequenceDiagram
    User->>TraefikPlugin: Can I access that webpage
    create participant PluginCache
    TraefikPlugin-->>PluginCache: Does the User IP has a Crowdsec Decision ?
-    Destroy PluginCache
+    destroy PluginCache
    PluginCache-->>TraefikPlugin: Yes a ban Decision
    TraefikPlugin->>User: No, HTTP 403
 ```
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 services:
  traefik:
-    image: "traefik:v3.0.0"
+    image: "traefik:v3.7.6"
    container_name: "traefik"
    restart: unless-stopped
    command:
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ services:
      - "--entrypoints.web.address=:80"

      - "--experimental.plugins.bouncer.modulename=github.com/maxlerebourg/crowdsec-bouncer-traefik-plugin"
-      - "--experimental.plugins.bouncer.version=v1.3.0"
+      - "--experimental.plugins.bouncer.version=v1.6.0"
      # - "--experimental.localplugins.bouncer.modulename=github.com/maxlerebourg/crowdsec-bouncer-traefik-plugin"
    volumes:
      - /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock:ro
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ services:
      - "traefik.http.middlewares.crowdsec.plugin.bouncer.captchaHTMLFilePath=/captcha.html"

  crowdsec:
-    image: crowdsecurity/crowdsec:v1.6.1-2
+    image: crowdsecurity/crowdsec:v1.7.8
    container_name: "crowdsec"
    restart: unless-stopped
    environment:
@@ -9,11 +9,11 @@ This can be usefull as some browser (Firefox for instance) return a 403 blank we

 ```yaml
  labels:
-      # Define ban HTML file path
-      - "traefik.http.middlewares.crowdsec.plugin.bouncer.banHtmlFilePath=/ban.html"
+      # Define ban file path
+      - "traefik.http.middlewares.crowdsec.plugin.bouncer.banFilePath=/ban.html"
 ```

-The ban HTML file must be present in the Traefik container (bind mounted or added during a custom build).  
+The ban file must be present in the Traefik container (bind mounted or added during a custom build).  
 It is not directly accessible from Traefik even when importing the plugin, so [download](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/maxlerebourg/crowdsec-bouncer-traefik-plugin/master/ban.html) it locally to expose it to Traefik.

 ```yaml 
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 services:
  traefik:
-    image: "traefik:v3.0.0"
+    image: "traefik:v3.7.6"
    container_name: "traefik"
    restart: unless-stopped
    command:
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ services:
      - "--entrypoints.web.address=:80"

      - "--experimental.plugins.bouncer.modulename=github.com/maxlerebourg/crowdsec-bouncer-traefik-plugin"
-      - "--experimental.plugins.bouncer.version=v1.3.0"
+      - "--experimental.plugins.bouncer.version=v1.6.0"
      # - "--experimental.localplugins.bouncer.modulename=github.com/maxlerebourg/crowdsec-bouncer-traefik-plugin"
    volumes:
      - /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock:ro
@@ -42,11 +42,11 @@ services:
      - "traefik.http.middlewares.crowdsec.plugin.bouncer.enabled=true"
      - "traefik.http.middlewares.crowdsec.plugin.bouncer.crowdseclapikey=40796d93c2958f9e58345514e67740e5"
      - "traefik.http.middlewares.crowdsec.plugin.bouncer.loglevel=DEBUG"
-      # Define ban HTML file path
-      - "traefik.http.middlewares.crowdsec.plugin.bouncer.banHtmlFilePath=/ban.html"
+      # Define ban file path
+      - "traefik.http.middlewares.crowdsec.plugin.bouncer.banFilePath=/ban.html"

  crowdsec:
-    image: crowdsecurity/crowdsec:v1.6.1-2
+    image: crowdsecurity/crowdsec:v1.7.8
    container_name: "crowdsec"
    restart: unless-stopped
    environment:
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 services:
  traefik:
-    image: "traefik:v3.5.0"
+    image: "traefik:v3.7.6"
    container_name: "traefik"
    restart: unless-stopped
    command:
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ services:
      - "--entrypoints.web.forwardedheaders.trustedips=172.18.0.0/24"

      - "--experimental.plugins.bouncer.modulename=github.com/maxlerebourg/crowdsec-bouncer-traefik-plugin"
-      - "--experimental.plugins.bouncer.version=v1.4.5"
+      - "--experimental.plugins.bouncer.version=v1.6.0"
      # - "--experimental.localplugins.bouncer.modulename=github.com/maxlerebourg/crowdsec-bouncer-traefik-plugin"
    volumes:
      - /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock:ro
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ services:
      - "traefik.http.middlewares.crowdsec.plugin.bouncer.captchaHTMLFilePath=/captcha.html"

  crowdsec:
-    image: crowdsecurity/crowdsec:v1.6.1-2
+    image: crowdsecurity/crowdsec:v1.7.8
    container_name: "crowdsec"
    restart: unless-stopped
    environment:
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 image:
-  tag: v1.6.1-2
+  tag: v1.7.8-2

 agent:
  acquisition:
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 image:
-  tag: v3.0.0
+  tag: v3.7.6

 logs:
  general:
@@ -15,4 +15,4 @@ experimental:
  plugins:
    bouncer:
      moduleName: "github.com/maxlerebourg/crowdsec-bouncer-traefik-plugin"
-      version: "v1.3.0"
+      version: "v1.6.0"
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 services:
  traefik:
-    image: "traefik:v3.0.0"
+    image: "traefik:v3.7.6"
    container_name: "traefik"
    restart: unless-stopped
    command:
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ services:
      - "--entrypoints.web.address=:80"

      - "--experimental.plugins.bouncer.modulename=github.com/maxlerebourg/crowdsec-bouncer-traefik-plugin"
-      - "--experimental.plugins.bouncer.version=v1.3.0"
+      - "--experimental.plugins.bouncer.version=v1.6.0"
      # - "--experimental.localplugins.bouncer.modulename=github.com/maxlerebourg/crowdsec-bouncer-traefik-plugin"
    volumes:
      - /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock:ro
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ services:


  crowdsec:
-    image: crowdsecurity/crowdsec:v1.6.1-2
+    image: crowdsecurity/crowdsec:v1.7.8
    container_name: "crowdsec"
    restart: unless-stopped
    environment:
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ services:
      - "traefik.enable=false"

  redis-secure:
-    image: "redis:7.0.12-alpine"
+    image: "redis:8.8.0-alpine"
    container_name: "redis-secure"
    hostname: redis-secure
    restart: unless-stopped
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 services:
  traefik:
-    image: "traefik:v3.0.0"
+    image: "traefik:v3.7.6"
    container_name: "traefik"
    restart: unless-stopped
    command:
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ services:
      - "--entrypoints.web.address=:80"

      - "--experimental.plugins.bouncer.modulename=github.com/maxlerebourg/crowdsec-bouncer-traefik-plugin"
-      - "--experimental.plugins.bouncer.version=v1.3.0"
+      - "--experimental.plugins.bouncer.version=v1.6.0"
      # - "--experimental.localplugins.bouncer.modulename=github.com/maxlerebourg/crowdsec-bouncer-traefik-plugin"
    volumes:
      - /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock:ro
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-FROM ubuntu:24.04
+FROM ubuntu:26.04

 RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y curl wget
 RUN VERSION=$(curl --silent "https://api.github.com/repos/cloudflare/cfssl/releases/latest" | grep '"tag_name"' | sed -E 's/.*"([^"]+)".*/\1/') && VNUMBER=${VERSION#"v"} && wget https://github.com/cloudflare/cfssl/releases/download/${VERSION}/cfssl_${VNUMBER}_linux_amd64 -O cfssl && chmod +x cfssl && mv cfssl /usr/local/bin
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 services:
  traefik:
-    image: "traefik:v3.5.0"
+    image: "traefik:v3.7.6"
    container_name: "traefik"
    restart: unless-stopped
    command:
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ services:
      - "--entrypoints.web.address=:80"

      - "--experimental.plugins.bouncer.modulename=github.com/maxlerebourg/crowdsec-bouncer-traefik-plugin"
-      - "--experimental.plugins.bouncer.version=v1.5.0"
+      - "--experimental.plugins.bouncer.version=v1.6.0"
      # - "--experimental.localplugins.bouncer.modulename=github.com/maxlerebourg/crowdsec-bouncer-traefik-plugin"
    volumes:
      - /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock:ro
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ services:
      # Define AppSec host and port informations
      - "traefik.http.middlewares.crowdsec.plugin.bouncer.crowdsecappsechost=crowdsec:7422"
  crowdsec:
-    image: crowdsecurity/crowdsec:latest
+    image: crowdsecurity/crowdsec:v1.7.8
    container_name: "crowdsec"
    restart: unless-stopped
    environment:
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 services:
  traefik:
-    image: "traefik:v3.0.0"
+    image: "traefik:v3.7.6"
    container_name: "traefik"
    restart: unless-stopped
    command:
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ services:
      - "--entrypoints.web.address=:80"

      - "--experimental.plugins.bouncer.modulename=github.com/maxlerebourg/crowdsec-bouncer-traefik-plugin"
-      - "--experimental.plugins.bouncer.version=v1.3.0"
+      - "--experimental.plugins.bouncer.version=v1.6.0"
      # - "--experimental.localplugins.bouncer.modulename=github.com/maxlerebourg/crowdsec-bouncer-traefik-plugin"
    volumes:
      - /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock:ro
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ services:


  crowdsec:
-    image: crowdsecurity/crowdsec:v1.6.1-2
+    image: crowdsecurity/crowdsec:v1.7.8
    container_name: "crowdsec"
    restart: unless-stopped
    environment:
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 module github.com/maxlerebourg/crowdsec-bouncer-traefik-plugin

-go 1.22
+go 1.22.12

 require (
 	github.com/leprosus/golang-ttl-map v1.1.7
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"log/slog"
+	"sync/atomic"

 	ttl_map "github.com/leprosus/golang-ttl-map"
 	simpleredis "github.com/maxlerebourg/simpleredis"
@@ -27,10 +28,7 @@ const (
 )

 //nolint:gochecknoglobals
-var (
-	redis simpleredis.SimpleRedis
-	cache = ttl_map.New()
-)
+var cache = ttl_map.New()

 type localCache struct{}

@@ -52,33 +50,48 @@ func (localCache) delete(key string) {
 }

 type redisCache struct {
-	log *slog.Logger
+	log     *slog.Logger
+	writer  simpleredis.SimpleRedis
+	readers []simpleredis.SimpleRedis
+	counter atomic.Uint64
 }

-func (redisCache) get(key string) (string, error) {
-	value, err := redis.Get(key)
+func (rc *redisCache) nextReader() *simpleredis.SimpleRedis {
+	n := len(rc.readers)
+	if n == 0 {
+		return &rc.writer
+	}
+	idx := rc.counter.Add(1) % uint64(n)
+	return &rc.readers[idx]
+}
+
+func (rc *redisCache) get(key string) (string, error) {
+	value, err := rc.nextReader().Get(key)
+	if err != nil {
+		switch err.Error() {
+		case simpleredis.RedisMiss:
+			return "", errors.New(CacheMiss)
+		case simpleredis.RedisUnreachable:
+			return "", errors.New(CacheUnreachable)
+		default:
+			return "", err
+		}
+	}
 	valueString := string(value)
-	if err == nil && len(valueString) > 0 {
+	if len(valueString) > 0 {
 		return valueString, nil
 	}
-	errRedisMessage := err.Error()
-	if errRedisMessage == simpleredis.RedisMiss {
-		return "", errors.New(CacheMiss)
-	}
-	if errRedisMessage == simpleredis.RedisUnreachable {
-		return "", errors.New(CacheUnreachable)
-	}
-	return "", err
+	return "", errors.New(CacheMiss)
 }

-func (rc redisCache) set(key, value string, duration int64) {
-	if err := redis.Set(key, []byte(value), duration); err != nil {
+func (rc *redisCache) set(key, value string, duration int64) {
+	if err := rc.writer.Set(key, []byte(value), duration); err != nil {
 		rc.log.Error("cache:setDecisionRedisCache" + err.Error())
 	}
 }

-func (rc redisCache) delete(key string) {
-	if err := redis.Del(key); err != nil {
+func (rc *redisCache) delete(key string) {
+	if err := rc.writer.Del(key); err != nil {
 		rc.log.Error("cache:deleteDecisionRedisCache " + err.Error())
 	}
 }
@@ -96,15 +109,21 @@ type Client struct {
 }

 // New Initialize cache client.
-func (c *Client) New(log *slog.Logger, isRedis bool, host, pass, database string) {
+func (c *Client) New(log *slog.Logger, isRedis bool, writeHost string, readHosts []string, pass, database string) {
 	c.log = log
 	if isRedis {
-		redis.Init(host, pass, database)
-		c.cache = &redisCache{log: log}
+		rc := &redisCache{log: log}
+		rc.writer.Init(writeHost, pass, database)
+		for _, h := range readHosts {
+			var r simpleredis.SimpleRedis
+			r.Init(h, pass, database)
+			rc.readers = append(rc.readers, r)
+		}
+		c.cache = rc
 	} else {
 		c.cache = &localCache{}
 	}
-	c.log.Debug(fmt.Sprintf("cache:New initialized isRedis:%v", isRedis))
+	c.log.Debug(fmt.Sprintf("cache:New initialized isRedis:%v writeHost:%v readHosts:%v", isRedis, writeHost, readHosts))
 }

 // Delete delete decision in cache.
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"testing"

 	logger "github.com/maxlerebourg/crowdsec-bouncer-traefik-plugin/pkg/logger"
+	simpleredis "github.com/maxlerebourg/simpleredis"
 )

 func Test_Get(t *testing.T) {
@@ -122,3 +123,40 @@ func Test_Delete(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+// indexOfReader returns the position of r inside rc.readers, or -1 when r is the writer (the no-readers fallback).
+func indexOfReader(rc *redisCache, r *simpleredis.SimpleRedis) int {
+	if r == &rc.writer {
+		return -1
+	}
+	for i := range rc.readers {
+		if r == &rc.readers[i] {
+			return i
+		}
+	}
+	return -2
+}
+
+func Test_nextReader(t *testing.T) {
+	// The counter starts at 0, so the first Add(1) yields index 1, then 2, 0, 1, ... over n readers.
+	tests := []struct {
+		name    string
+		readers int
+		want    []int
+	}{
+		{name: "round-robin over three readers", readers: 3, want: []int{1, 2, 0, 1, 2, 0, 1}},
+		{name: "single reader always selected", readers: 1, want: []int{0, 0, 0, 0, 0}},
+		{name: "no readers fall back to writer", readers: 0, want: []int{-1, -1, -1}},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			rc := &redisCache{log: logger.New("INFO", "")}
+			rc.readers = make([]simpleredis.SimpleRedis, tt.readers)
+			for call, want := range tt.want {
+				if got := indexOfReader(rc, rc.nextReader()); got != want {
+					t.Errorf("call %d: nextReader() -> reader[%d], want reader[%d]", call, got, want)
+				}
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
@@ -4,11 +4,11 @@ package captcha
 import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
-	"html/template"
 	"log/slog"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/url"
 	"strings"
+	"text/template"

 	cache "github.com/maxlerebourg/crowdsec-bouncer-traefik-plugin/pkg/cache"
 	configuration "github.com/maxlerebourg/crowdsec-bouncer-traefik-plugin/pkg/configuration"
@@ -21,7 +21,8 @@ type Client struct {
 	secretKey               string
 	remediationCustomHeader string
 	gracePeriodSeconds      int64
-	captchaTemplate         *template.Template
+	templateContentType     string
+	template                *template.Template
 	cacheClient             *cache.Client
 	httpClient              *http.Client
 	log                     *slog.Logger
@@ -74,8 +75,9 @@ func (c *Client) New(log *slog.Logger, cacheClient *cache.Client, httpClient *ht
 	c.siteKey = siteKey
 	c.secretKey = secretKey
 	c.remediationCustomHeader = remediationCustomHeader
-	html, _ := configuration.GetHTMLTemplate(captchaTemplatePath)
-	c.captchaTemplate = html
+	template, contentType, _ := configuration.GetTemplate(captchaTemplatePath)
+	c.template = template
+	c.templateContentType = contentType
 	c.gracePeriodSeconds = gracePeriodSeconds
 	c.log = log
 	c.httpClient = httpClient
@@ -100,12 +102,12 @@ func (c *Client) ServeHTTP(rw http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, remoteIP str
 		http.Redirect(rw, r, r.URL.String(), http.StatusFound)
 		return
 	}
-	rw.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/html; charset=utf-8")
+	rw.Header().Set("Content-Type", c.templateContentType)
 	if c.remediationCustomHeader != "" {
 		rw.Header().Set(c.remediationCustomHeader, "captcha")
 	}
 	rw.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
-	err = c.captchaTemplate.Execute(rw, map[string]string{
+	err = c.template.Execute(rw, map[string]string{
 		"SiteKey":     c.siteKey,
 		"FrontendJS":  c.infoProvider.js,
 		"FrontendKey": c.infoProvider.key,
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ import (
 	"crypto/x509"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"html/template"
 	"log/slog"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/url"
@@ -15,6 +14,7 @@ import (
 	"reflect"
 	"regexp"
 	"strings"
+	"text/template"

 	ip "github.com/maxlerebourg/crowdsec-bouncer-traefik-plugin/pkg/ip"
 )
@@ -63,6 +63,7 @@ type Config struct {
 	CrowdsecAppsecTLSCertificateBouncerKeyFile string   `json:"crowdsecAppsecTlsCertificateBouncerKeyFile,omitempty"`
 	CrowdsecAppsecFailureBlock                 bool     `json:"crowdsecAppsecFailureBlock,omitempty"`
 	CrowdsecAppsecUnreachableBlock             bool     `json:"crowdsecAppsecUnreachableBlock,omitempty"`
+	CrowdsecAppsecUnreadableBodyBlock          bool     `json:"crowdsecAppsecUnreadableBodyBlock,omitempty"`
 	CrowdsecAppsecBodyLimit                    int64    `json:"crowdsecAppsecBodyLimit,omitempty"`
 	CrowdsecLapiScheme                         string   `json:"crowdsecLapiScheme,omitempty"`
 	CrowdsecLapiHost                           string   `json:"crowdsecLapiHost,omitempty"`
@@ -95,12 +96,15 @@ type Config struct {
 	ClientTrustedIPs                           []string `json:"clientTrustedIps,omitempty"`
 	RedisCacheEnabled                          bool     `json:"redisCacheEnabled,omitempty"`
 	RedisCacheHost                             string   `json:"redisCacheHost,omitempty"`
+	RedisCacheReadHosts                        []string `json:"redisCacheReadHosts,omitempty"`
 	RedisCachePassword                         string   `json:"redisCachePassword,omitempty"`
 	RedisCachePasswordFile                     string   `json:"redisCachePasswordFile,omitempty"`
 	RedisCacheDatabase                         string   `json:"redisCacheDatabase,omitempty"`
 	RedisCacheUnreachableBlock                 bool     `json:"redisCacheUnreachableBlock,omitempty"`
-	BanHTMLFilePath                            string   `json:"banHtmlFilePath,omitempty"`
-	CaptchaHTMLFilePath                        string   `json:"captchaHtmlFilePath,omitempty"`
+	BanHTMLFilePath                            string   `json:"banHtmlFilePath,omitempty"` // Deprecated: Keep it for historical compatibility
+	BanFilePath                                string   `json:"banFilePath,omitempty"`
+	CaptchaHTMLFilePath                        string   `json:"captchaHtmlFilePath,omitempty"` // Deprecated: Keep it for historical compatibility
+	CaptchaFilePath                            string   `json:"captchaFilePath,omitempty"`
 	CaptchaProvider                            string   `json:"captchaProvider,omitempty"`
 	CaptchaCustomJsURL                         string   `json:"captchaCustomJsUrl,omitempty"`
 	CaptchaCustomValidateURL                   string   `json:"captchaCustomValidateUrl,omitempty"`
@@ -125,52 +129,54 @@ func contains(source []string, target string) bool {
 // New creates the default plugin configuration.
 func New() *Config {
 	return &Config{
-		Enabled:                         false,
-		LogLevel:                        LogINFO,
-		LogFormat:                       "common",
-		LogFilePath:                     "",
-		CrowdsecMode:                    LiveMode,
-		CrowdsecAppsecEnabled:           false,
-		CrowdsecAppsecFailureBlock:      true,
-		CrowdsecAppsecUnreachableBlock:  true,
-		CrowdsecAppsecBodyLimit:         10485760,
-		CrowdsecAppsecScheme:            "",
-		CrowdsecAppsecHost:              "crowdsec:7422",
-		CrowdsecAppsecPath:              "/",
-		CrowdsecAppsecKey:               "",
-		CrowdsecAppsecTLSInsecureVerify: false,
-		CrowdsecLapiScheme:              HTTP,
-		CrowdsecLapiHost:                "crowdsec:8080",
-		CrowdsecLapiPath:                "/",
-		CrowdsecLapiKey:                 "",
-		CrowdsecLapiTLSInsecureVerify:   false,
-		UpdateIntervalSeconds:           60,
-		MetricsUpdateIntervalSeconds:    600,
-		UpdateMaxFailure:                0,
-		StreamStartupBlock:              true,
-		DefaultDecisionSeconds:          60,
-		RemediationStatusCode:           http.StatusForbidden,
-		HTTPTimeoutSeconds:              10,
-		CaptchaProvider:                 "",
-		CaptchaCustomJsURL:              "",
-		CaptchaCustomValidateURL:        "",
-		CaptchaCustomKey:                "",
-		CaptchaCustomResponse:           "",
-		CaptchaSiteKey:                  "",
-		CaptchaSecretKey:                "",
-		CaptchaGracePeriodSeconds:       1800,
-		CaptchaHTMLFilePath:             "/captcha.html",
-		BanHTMLFilePath:                 "",
-		TraceHeadersCustomName:          "",
-		RemediationHeadersCustomName:    "",
-		ForwardedHeadersCustomName:      "X-Forwarded-For",
-		ForwardedHeadersTrustedIPs:      []string{},
-		ClientTrustedIPs:                []string{},
-		RedisCacheEnabled:               false,
-		RedisCacheHost:                  "redis:6379",
-		RedisCachePassword:              "",
-		RedisCacheDatabase:              "",
-		RedisCacheUnreachableBlock:      true,
+		Enabled:                           false,
+		LogLevel:                          LogINFO,
+		LogFormat:                         "common",
+		LogFilePath:                       "",
+		CrowdsecMode:                      LiveMode,
+		CrowdsecAppsecEnabled:             false,
+		CrowdsecAppsecFailureBlock:        true,
+		CrowdsecAppsecUnreachableBlock:    true,
+		CrowdsecAppsecUnreadableBodyBlock: true,
+		CrowdsecAppsecBodyLimit:           10485760,
+		CrowdsecAppsecScheme:              "",
+		CrowdsecAppsecHost:                "crowdsec:7422",
+		CrowdsecAppsecPath:                "/",
+		CrowdsecAppsecKey:                 "",
+		CrowdsecAppsecTLSInsecureVerify:   false,
+		CrowdsecLapiScheme:                HTTP,
+		CrowdsecLapiHost:                  "crowdsec:8080",
+		CrowdsecLapiPath:                  "/",
+		CrowdsecLapiKey:                   "",
+		CrowdsecLapiTLSInsecureVerify:     false,
+		UpdateIntervalSeconds:             60,
+		MetricsUpdateIntervalSeconds:      600,
+		UpdateMaxFailure:                  0,
+		StreamStartupBlock:                true,
+		DefaultDecisionSeconds:            60,
+		RemediationStatusCode:             http.StatusForbidden,
+		HTTPTimeoutSeconds:                10,
+		CaptchaProvider:                   "",
+		CaptchaCustomJsURL:                "",
+		CaptchaCustomValidateURL:          "",
+		CaptchaCustomKey:                  "",
+		CaptchaCustomResponse:             "",
+		CaptchaSiteKey:                    "",
+		CaptchaSecretKey:                  "",
+		CaptchaGracePeriodSeconds:         1800,
+		CaptchaFilePath:                   "/captcha.html",
+		BanFilePath:                       "",
+		TraceHeadersCustomName:            "",
+		RemediationHeadersCustomName:      "",
+		ForwardedHeadersCustomName:        "X-Forwarded-For",
+		ForwardedHeadersTrustedIPs:        []string{},
+		ClientTrustedIPs:                  []string{},
+		RedisCacheEnabled:                 false,
+		RedisCacheHost:                    "redis:6379",
+		RedisCacheReadHosts:               []string{},
+		RedisCachePassword:                "",
+		RedisCacheDatabase:                "",
+		RedisCacheUnreachableBlock:        true,
 	}
 }

@@ -201,28 +207,50 @@ func GetVariable(config *Config, key string) (string, error) {
 	return strings.TrimSpace(value), nil
 }

-// GetHTMLTemplate get compiled HTML template.
-func GetHTMLTemplate(path string) (*template.Template, error) {
-	var err error
+func getContentTypeFromPath(path string) string {
 	if path == "" {
-		return nil, errors.New("no html template provided")
+		return ""
 	}
+	ext := strings.ToLower(filepath.Ext(path))
+	contentTypeMap := map[string]string{
+		".html": "text/html; charset=utf-8",
+		".htm":  "text/html; charset=utf-8",
+		".json": "application/json",
+		".txt":  "text/plain",
+		".xml":  "application/xml",
+		".js":   "application/javascript",
+		".css":  "text/css",
+	}
+	if contentType, ok := contentTypeMap[ext]; ok {
+		return contentType
+	}
+	// Default to HTML for backward compatibility
+	return "text/html; charset=utf-8"
+}
+
+// GetTemplate get compiled template with {{ and }} delimiters.
+// Uses text/template for all file types to avoid HTML escaping issues.
+func GetTemplate(path string) (*template.Template, string, error) {
+	if path == "" {
+		return nil, "", errors.New("no template file provided")
+	}
+	contentType := getContentTypeFromPath(path)
 	//nolint:gosec
 	b, err := os.ReadFile(path)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+		return nil, "", err
 	}
-	html := string(b)
-	compiledTemplate, err := template.New("html").Parse(html)
+	content := string(b)
+	compiledTemplate, err := template.New(filepath.Base(path)).Delims("{{", "}}").Parse(content)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("impossible to compile html template: %w", err)
+		return nil, "", fmt.Errorf("impossible to compile template %s: %w", path, err)
 	}
-	return compiledTemplate, nil
+	return compiledTemplate, contentType, nil
 }

 // ValidateParams validate all the param gave by user.
 //
-//nolint:gocyclo,gocognit
+//nolint:gocyclo,gocognit,nestif
 func ValidateParams(config *Config, log *slog.Logger) error {
 	if err := validateParamsRequired(config); err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -260,12 +288,14 @@ func ValidateParams(config *Config, log *slog.Logger) error {
 		if _, err := GetVariable(config, "CaptchaSecretKey"); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-		if _, err := GetHTMLTemplate(config.CaptchaHTMLFilePath); err != nil {
-			return err
+		if config.CaptchaFilePath != "" {
+			if _, _, err := GetTemplate(config.CaptchaFilePath); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
 		}
 	}
-	if config.BanHTMLFilePath != "" {
-		if _, err := GetHTMLTemplate(config.BanHTMLFilePath); err != nil {
+	if config.BanFilePath != "" {
+		if _, _, err := GetTemplate(config.BanFilePath); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 	}
@@ -361,7 +391,8 @@ func validateParamsTLS(config *Config) error {
 		return err
 	}
 	if certAuth == "" {
-		return errors.New("CrowdsecLapiTLSCertificateAuthority must be specified when CrowdsecLapiScheme='https' and CrowdsecLapiTLSInsecureVerify=false")
+		// No custom CA — runtime will fall back to the system trust store.
+		return nil
 	}
 	tlsConfig := new(tls.Config)
 	tlsConfig.RootCAs = x509.NewCertPool()
@@ -453,29 +484,31 @@ func validateParamsRequired(config *Config) error {

 func getTLSConfig(config *Config, log *slog.Logger, prefix, scheme string, insecureVerify bool) (*tls.Config, error) {
 	tlsConfig := new(tls.Config)
-	tlsConfig.RootCAs = x509.NewCertPool()
 	if scheme != HTTPS {
 		log.Debug("getTLSConfig:" + prefix + "Scheme https:no")
 		return tlsConfig, nil
 	}
+	// RootCAs is intentionally left nil unless a custom CA is provided:
+	// crypto/tls then falls back to x509.SystemCertPool(), which is what we
+	// want when the LAPI is exposed behind a reverse proxy with a publicly
+	// trusted certificate (e.g. Let's Encrypt).
 	//nolint:nestif
 	if insecureVerify {
 		tlsConfig.InsecureSkipVerify = true
 		log.Debug("getTLSConfig:" + prefix + "TLSInsecureVerify tlsInsecure:true")
-		// If we return here and still want to use client auth this won't work
-		// return tlsConfig, nil
 	} else {
 		certAuthority, err := GetVariable(config, prefix+"TLSCertificateAuthority")
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
 		if len(certAuthority) > 0 {
+			tlsConfig.RootCAs = x509.NewCertPool()
 			if !tlsConfig.RootCAs.AppendCertsFromPEM([]byte(certAuthority)) {
-				// here we return because if CrowdsecLapiTLSInsecureVerify is false
-				// and CA not load, we can't communicate with https
 				return nil, errors.New("getTLSConfig:" + prefix + " cannot load CA and verify cert is enabled")
 			}
 			log.Debug("getTLSConfig:" + prefix + "TLSCertificateAuthority CA added successfully")
+		} else {
+			log.Debug("getTLSConfig:" + prefix + " no CA provided, using system trust store")
 		}
 	}
 	certBouncer, err := GetVariable(config, prefix+"TLSCertificateBouncer")
@@ -1,13 +1,25 @@
 package configuration

 import (
-	"crypto/tls"
-	"reflect"
 	"testing"

 	logger "github.com/maxlerebourg/crowdsec-bouncer-traefik-plugin/pkg/logger"
 )

+// validPEM is a minimal self-signed certificate accepted by AppendCertsFromPEM,
+// shared by the TLS tests below.
+const validPEM = `-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
+MIIBhTCCASugAwIBAgIQIRi6zePL6mKjOipn+dNuaTAKBggqhkjOPQQDAjASMRAw
+DgYDVQQKEwdBY21lIENvMB4XDTE3MTAyMDE5NDMwNloXDTE4MTAyMDE5NDMwNlow
+EjEQMA4GA1UEChMHQWNtZSBDbzBZMBMGByqGSM49AgEGCCqGSM49AwEHA0IABD0d
+7VNhbWvZLWPuj/RtHFjvtJBEwOkhbN/BnnE8rnZR8+sbwnc/KhCk3FhnpHZnQz7B
+5aETbbIgmuvewdjvSBSjYzBhMA4GA1UdDwEB/wQEAwICpDATBgNVHSUEDDAKBggr
+BgEFBQcDATAPBgNVHRMBAf8EBTADAQH/MCkGA1UdEQQiMCCCDmxvY2FsaG9zdDo1
+NDUzgg4xMjcuMC4wLjE6NTQ1MzAKBggqhkjOPQQDAgNIADBFAiEA2zpJEPQyz6/l
+Wf86aX6PepsntZv2GYlA5UpabfT2EZICICpJ5h/iI+i341gBmLiAFQOyTDT+/wQc
+6MF9+Yw1Yy0t
+-----END CERTIFICATE-----`
+
 func getMinimalConfig() *Config {
 	cfg := New()
 	cfg.CrowdsecLapiKey = "test"
@@ -111,7 +123,7 @@ func Test_ValidateParams(t *testing.T) {
 		{name: "Not validate a bad clients ips", args: args{config: cfg5}, wantErr: true},
 		// HTTPS enabled
 		{name: "Validate https config with insecure verify", args: args{config: cfg6}, wantErr: false},
-		{name: "Not validate https without cert authority", args: args{config: cfg7}, wantErr: true},
+		{name: "Validate https without cert authority (falls back to system trust store)", args: args{config: cfg7}, wantErr: false},
 		{name: "Valid log level uppercase INFO", args: args{config: cfg8}, wantErr: false},
 		{name: "Valid log level lowercase info", args: args{config: cfg9}, wantErr: false},
 		{name: "Invalid log level Warning", args: args{config: cfg10}, wantErr: true},
@@ -126,19 +138,24 @@ func Test_ValidateParams(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func Test_validateParamsTLS(t *testing.T) {
-	type args struct {
-		config *Config
-	}
+	cfgEmpty := getMinimalConfig()
+	cfgValid := getMinimalConfig()
+	cfgValid.CrowdsecLapiTLSCertificateAuthority = validPEM
+	cfgInvalidCA := getMinimalConfig()
+	cfgInvalidCA.CrowdsecLapiTLSCertificateAuthority = "not a pem"
+
 	tests := []struct {
 		name    string
-		args    args
+		config  *Config
 		wantErr bool
 	}{
-		// TODO: Add test cases.
+		{name: "Empty CA is accepted (system trust store used at runtime)", config: cfgEmpty, wantErr: false},
+		{name: "Valid PEM CA is accepted", config: cfgValid, wantErr: false},
+		{name: "Invalid CA is rejected", config: cfgInvalidCA, wantErr: true},
 	}
 	for _, tt := range tests {
 		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			if err := validateParamsTLS(tt.args.config); (err != nil) != tt.wantErr {
+			if err := validateParamsTLS(tt.config); (err != nil) != tt.wantErr {
 				t.Errorf("validateParamsTLS() error = %v, wantErr %v", err, tt.wantErr)
 			}
 		})
@@ -233,26 +250,78 @@ func Test_validateParamsAPIKey(t *testing.T) {

 func Test_GetTLSConfigCrowdsec(t *testing.T) {
 	log := logger.New("INFO", "")
-	type args struct {
-		config *Config
-	}
+
+	httpCfg := getMinimalConfig()
+	httpCfg.CrowdsecLapiScheme = HTTP
+
+	httpsSystemCA := getMinimalConfig()
+	httpsSystemCA.CrowdsecLapiScheme = HTTPS
+
+	httpsCustomCA := getMinimalConfig()
+	httpsCustomCA.CrowdsecLapiScheme = HTTPS
+	httpsCustomCA.CrowdsecLapiTLSCertificateAuthority = validPEM
+
+	httpsInsecure := getMinimalConfig()
+	httpsInsecure.CrowdsecLapiScheme = HTTPS
+	httpsInsecure.CrowdsecLapiTLSInsecureVerify = true
+
+	httpsBadCA := getMinimalConfig()
+	httpsBadCA.CrowdsecLapiScheme = HTTPS
+	httpsBadCA.CrowdsecLapiTLSCertificateAuthority = "not a pem"
+
 	tests := []struct {
-		name    string
-		args    args
-		want    *tls.Config
-		wantErr bool
+		name             string
+		config           *Config
+		wantErr          bool
+		wantRootCAsNil   bool
+		wantInsecureSkip bool
 	}{
-		// TODO: Add test cases.
+		{name: "HTTP scheme returns empty tls.Config", config: httpCfg, wantRootCAsNil: true},
+		{name: "HTTPS without CA leaves RootCAs nil (system trust store)", config: httpsSystemCA, wantRootCAsNil: true},
+		{name: "HTTPS with custom CA populates RootCAs", config: httpsCustomCA, wantRootCAsNil: false},
+		{name: "HTTPS with insecure verify sets InsecureSkipVerify", config: httpsInsecure, wantRootCAsNil: true, wantInsecureSkip: true},
+		{name: "HTTPS with garbage CA is rejected", config: httpsBadCA, wantErr: true},
 	}
 	for _, tt := range tests {
 		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			got, err := GetTLSConfigCrowdsec(tt.args.config, log, false)
+			got, err := GetTLSConfigCrowdsec(tt.config, log, false)
 			if (err != nil) != tt.wantErr {
-				t.Errorf("getTLSConfigCrowdsec() error = %v, wantErr %v", err, tt.wantErr)
+				t.Errorf("GetTLSConfigCrowdsec() error = %v, wantErr %v", err, tt.wantErr)
 				return
 			}
-			if !reflect.DeepEqual(got, tt.want) {
-				t.Errorf("getTLSConfigCrowdsec() = %v, want %v", got, tt.want)
+			if tt.wantErr {
+				return
+			}
+			if (got.RootCAs == nil) != tt.wantRootCAsNil {
+				t.Errorf("GetTLSConfigCrowdsec() RootCAs nil = %v, want nil = %v", got.RootCAs == nil, tt.wantRootCAsNil)
+			}
+			if got.InsecureSkipVerify != tt.wantInsecureSkip {
+				t.Errorf("GetTLSConfigCrowdsec() InsecureSkipVerify = %v, want %v", got.InsecureSkipVerify, tt.wantInsecureSkip)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func Test_getContentTypeFromPath(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name     string
+		path     string
+		expected string
+	}{
+		{name: "HTML file with .html extension", path: "/ban.html", expected: "text/html; charset=utf-8"},
+		{name: "JSON file", path: "/ban.json", expected: "application/json"},
+		{name: "Text file", path: "/ban.txt", expected: "text/plain"},
+		{name: "File with mixed case extension", path: "/ban.HtMl", expected: "text/html; charset=utf-8"},
+		{name: "Unknown extension defaults to HTML", path: "/ban.xyz", expected: "text/html; charset=utf-8"},
+		{name: "File without extension", path: "/ban", expected: "text/html; charset=utf-8"},
+		{name: "Empty path", path: "", expected: ""},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got := getContentTypeFromPath(tt.path)
+			if got != tt.expected {
+				t.Errorf("GetContentTypeFromPath(%q) = %q, want %q", tt.path, got, tt.expected)
 			}
 		})
 	}
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+{
+  "$schema": "https://docs.renovatebot.com/renovate-schema.json",
+  "extends": ["config:recommended"],
+  "gitAuthor": "Renovate Bot <22881669+maxlerebourg@users.noreply.github.com>",
+  "fetchChangeLogs": "off",
+  "labels": ["dependencies"],
+  "ignorePaths": ["**/vendor/**", "**/node_modules/**"],
+  "rangeStrategy": "bump",
+  "prConcurrentLimit": 1,
+  "branchPrefix": "renovate/",
+  "commitMessagePrefix": "⬆️ renovate: ",
+  "groupName": "all",
+  "dependencyDashboard": false,
+  "packageRules": [
+    {
+      "description": "Cap the Go version at what yaegi supports. The plugin is interpreted by yaegi (bundled in Traefik), and even Traefik v3.7.1 ships yaegi v0.16.1 = Go 1.22. A newer Go would break the plugin on every current Traefik. Raise this only once Traefik ships a yaegi supporting a newer Go.",
+      "matchManagers": ["gomod"],
+      "matchDepNames": ["go", "toolchain"],
+      "allowedVersions": "<1.23"
+    },
+    {
+      "description": "whoami is a throwaway demo backend; leave it on latest",
+      "matchPackageNames": ["traefik/whoami"],
+      "enabled": false
+    }
+  ],
+  "customManagers": [
+    {
+      "description": "Plugin self-pin in version.go (pluginVersion)",
+      "customType": "regex",
+      "managerFilePatterns": ["/^version\\.go$/"],
+      "matchStrings": [
+        "pluginVersion\\s*=\\s*\"(?<currentValue>v[0-9]+\\.[0-9]+\\.[0-9]+)\""
+      ],
+      "depNameTemplate": "maxlerebourg/crowdsec-bouncer-traefik-plugin",
+      "datasourceTemplate": "github-tags"
+    },
+    {
+      "description": "Plugin self-pin in docker-compose CLI args (--experimental.plugins.bouncer.version=vX)",
+      "customType": "regex",
+      "managerFilePatterns": ["/(^|/)docker-compose[^/]*\\.ya?ml$/"],
+      "matchStrings": [
+        "experimental\\.plugins\\.bouncer\\.version=(?<currentValue>v[0-9]+\\.[0-9]+\\.[0-9]+)"
+      ],
+      "depNameTemplate": "maxlerebourg/crowdsec-bouncer-traefik-plugin",
+      "datasourceTemplate": "github-tags"
+    },
+    {
+      "description": "Plugin self-pin in the Traefik Helm values (version: \"vX\")",
+      "customType": "regex",
+      "managerFilePatterns": ["/^examples/kubernetes/traefik/values\\.ya?ml$/"],
+      "matchStrings": [
+        "version:\\s*\"(?<currentValue>v[0-9]+\\.[0-9]+\\.[0-9]+)\""
+      ],
+      "depNameTemplate": "maxlerebourg/crowdsec-bouncer-traefik-plugin",
+      "datasourceTemplate": "github-tags"
+    },
+    {
+      "description": "Traefik image tag in the Traefik Helm values (no repository key, so match by file)",
+      "customType": "regex",
+      "managerFilePatterns": ["/^examples/kubernetes/traefik/values\\.ya?ml$/"],
+      "matchStrings": ["tag:\\s*(?<currentValue>v[0-9]+\\.[0-9]+\\.[0-9]+)"],
+      "depNameTemplate": "traefik",
+      "datasourceTemplate": "docker"
+    },
+    {
+      "description": "Crowdsec image tag in the Crowdsec Helm values (no repository key, so match by file)",
+      "customType": "regex",
+      "managerFilePatterns": [
+        "/^examples/kubernetes/crowdsec/values\\.ya?ml$/"
+      ],
+      "matchStrings": ["tag:\\s*(?<currentValue>v[0-9]+\\.[0-9]+\\.[0-9]+)"],
+      "depNameTemplate": "crowdsecurity/crowdsec",
+      "datasourceTemplate": "docker"
+    },
+    {
+      "description": "Pinned Traefik binary in the e2e mock suite (TRAEFIK_VERSION:-vX in common.sh)",
+      "customType": "regex",
+      "managerFilePatterns": ["/^tests/e2e/mock/lib/common\\.sh$/"],
+      "matchStrings": [
+        "TRAEFIK_VERSION:-(?<currentValue>v[0-9]+\\.[0-9]+\\.[0-9]+)"
+      ],
+      "depNameTemplate": "traefik/traefik",
+      "datasourceTemplate": "github-releases"
+    }
+  ]
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+# Binary e2e suite (Traefik binary + mock LAPI)
+
+This suite runs **Traefik as a downloaded binary** with the plugin loaded from
+the local source tree, and replaces Crowdsec with a small **HTTP mock**
+([`mocklapi/`](mocklapi/main.go), a stdlib-only Go command). No Docker, no real
+Crowdsec.
+
+It is what **CI runs** (`make e2e_mock`). A separate, local-only **Docker
+suite** (real Traefik + Crowdsec, under `tests/e2e/scenarios`) is kept for
+high-fidelity debugging against a real Crowdsec but is not exercised in CI; it
+ships in its own PR (#333).
+
+## Scope — what this suite tests
+
+These tests validate the **plugin's own behaviour**: the request flow through
+the Traefik middleware, the live / none / stream modes, caching, trusted-IP
+bypass, ban / captcha page rendering, and the AppSec request path (header
+forwarding + enforcing the engine's allow/block verdict).
+
+The mock stands in for Crowdsec, emulating the slice of the LAPI HTTP contract
+the plugin consumes — including a single, deterministic AppSec rule (block any
+URI containing `rpc2`, the probe from [`examples/appsec-enabled`](../../../examples/appsec-enabled)).
+It is not the real WAF engine, so this suite exercises the plugin's AppSec
+*wiring* rather than the detection accuracy of OWASP CRS / virtual patching —
+that lives upstream in Crowdsec.
+
+## What runs
+
+| Component | How |
+|-----------|-----|
+| Traefik   | Binary `v3.7.1`, downloaded into `.cache/` (reused across local runs; re-downloaded on fresh CI runners) |
+| Plugin    | Loaded via `experimental.localPlugins` from the repo root (symlinked into `plugins-local/`) |
+| LAPI      | `mocklapi` — a stdlib-only Go command (its own nested module), compiled and cached under `.cache/`, driven through `/admin` endpoints instead of `cscli`. Serves plain HTTP, or HTTPS when `--lapi-tls-cert/--lapi-tls-key` are passed (the `tls-system-ca` scenario) |
+| AppSec    | WAF stand-in built into the mock — blocks URIs containing `rpc2`, allows the rest |
+| Backend   | A plain HTTP responder built into the mock |
+
+Fixed ports (override with env vars if needed): Traefik `8000`, LAPI `8090`,
+backend `8091`, AppSec `8092`.
+
+## Running locally
+
+Prerequisites: `bash`, `curl`, `go`, `tar` (plus `openssl` for the
+`tls-system-ca` scenario, which mints a throwaway CA at runtime). On first use
+the Traefik binary is fetched and the mock is compiled into `.cache/`. That
+cache is reused across local runs; CI runs on fresh runners, so both are
+recreated on every CI run.
+
+The `tls-system-ca` scenario verifies that, with no custom CA configured, the
+bouncer falls back to the OS/system trust store for an HTTPS LAPI: it serves the
+mock over TLS and points the Traefik process's `SSL_CERT_FILE` at the test CA
+(trusted → 200) or an empty bundle (untrusted → 403, proving it still verifies).
+
+```bash
+# one scenario
+make e2e_mock_stream-mode
+# or directly
+./tests/e2e/mock/scenarios/stream-mode/run.sh
+
+# the whole suite
+make e2e_mock
+```
+
+## Layout
+
+```
+mock/
+  lib/
+    common.sh     # stack lifecycle, Traefik download, mock build, assertions, admin client
+    traefik.yml   # static Traefik config (shared by all scenarios)
+  mocklapi/
+    go.mod        # nested module — kept out of the plugin's build/lint/vendor
+    main.go       # mock LAPI + AppSec stand-in + backend
+  scenarios/
+    <name>/
+      dynamic.yml # Traefik dynamic config (router + bouncer middleware + backend)
+      run.sh      # assertions for the scenario
+      *.html      # optional fixtures (ban / captcha templates)
+```
+
+`dynamic.yml` uses placeholders (`@@APIKEY@@`, `@@LAPI_HOST@@`,
+`@@BACKEND_URL@@`, `@@SCENARIO_DIR@@`) that `common.sh` substitutes at runtime.
+
+## Adding a scenario
+
+1. Create `scenarios/<name>/dynamic.yml` and `run.sh` (copy `stream-mode/` as a
+   template).
+2. In `run.sh`, define a `body` function with the assertions and call
+   `run_scenario "<name>" "$HERE" body`.
+3. Drive decisions with `lapi_add_decision <ip> [type] [duration]` and
+   `lapi_delete_decision <ip>`.
+4. Add `<name>` to `E2E_MOCK_SCENARIOS` in the `Makefile`.
@@ -0,0 +1,267 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# Shared helpers for the binary (mock) e2e suite.
+#
+# Unlike the Docker suite under tests/e2e/scenarios, this one runs Traefik as a
+# downloaded binary and replaces Crowdsec with a small HTTP mock (the mocklapi
+# Go command). It validates the plugin's own behaviour (modes, cache, trusted
+# IPs, ban / captcha rendering, AppSec wiring) — not the accuracy of Crowdsec's
+# detection or its WAF engine, which the mock only stands in for.
+#
+# Dependencies: bash, curl, go, tar. The Traefik binary is downloaded and the
+# mock is compiled into .cache/ on first use. That cache persists across local
+# runs; CI runs on fresh runners, so both are recreated on every CI run.
+
+set -euo pipefail
+
+# Pinned to match the Docker suite (tests/e2e/scenarios/*/docker-compose.yml).
+TRAEFIK_VERSION="${TRAEFIK_VERSION:-v3.7.6}"
+
+WEB_PORT="${WEB_PORT:-8000}"
+LAPI_PORT="${LAPI_PORT:-8090}"
+BACKEND_PORT="${BACKEND_PORT:-8091}"
+APPSEC_PORT="${APPSEC_PORT:-8092}"
+REDIS_PORT="${REDIS_PORT:-8093}"
+REDIS_READ_PORT="${REDIS_READ_PORT:-8094}"
+LAPI_KEY="${LAPI_KEY:-e2e-mock-key}"
+
+MOCK_LIB_DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")" && pwd)"
+REPO_ROOT="$(cd "$MOCK_LIB_DIR/../../../.." && pwd)"
+CACHE_DIR="$MOCK_LIB_DIR/../.cache"
+
+# Populated by start_stack / run_scenario, consumed by the EXIT trap.
+WORKDIR=""
+TRAEFIK_PID=""
+MOCK_PID=""
+SCENARIO_NAME=""
+SCENARIO_LOG=""
+
+# Resolve (and cache) the Traefik binary for this host, echoing its path.
+ensure_traefik() {
+  local bin="$CACHE_DIR/traefik-$TRAEFIK_VERSION"
+  if [[ -x "$bin" ]]; then
+    echo "$bin"
+    return 0
+  fi
+  mkdir -p "$CACHE_DIR"
+  local os arch
+  case "$(uname -s)" in
+    Linux) os=linux ;;
+    Darwin) os=darwin ;;
+    *) echo "ensure_traefik: unsupported OS $(uname -s)" >&2; return 1 ;;
+  esac
+  case "$(uname -m)" in
+    x86_64 | amd64) arch=amd64 ;;
+    aarch64 | arm64) arch=arm64 ;;
+    *) echo "ensure_traefik: unsupported arch $(uname -m)" >&2; return 1 ;;
+  esac
+  local url="https://github.com/traefik/traefik/releases/download/${TRAEFIK_VERSION}/traefik_${TRAEFIK_VERSION}_${os}_${arch}.tar.gz"
+  echo "ensure_traefik: downloading $url" >&2
+  local tmp
+  tmp="$(mktemp -d)"
+  curl -sSfL "$url" -o "$tmp/traefik.tar.gz"
+  tar -xzf "$tmp/traefik.tar.gz" -C "$tmp" traefik
+  mv "$tmp/traefik" "$bin"
+  chmod +x "$bin"
+  rm -rf "$tmp"
+  echo "$bin"
+}
+
+# Build (and cache) the mock LAPI binary, echoing its path. Go's build cache
+# makes the rebuild near-instant after the first run.
+ensure_mock() {
+  local bin="$CACHE_DIR/mocklapi"
+  mkdir -p "$CACHE_DIR"
+  ( cd "$MOCK_LIB_DIR/../mocklapi" && go build -o "$bin" . ) >&2
+  echo "$bin"
+}
+
+# Poll a URL until it returns the expected status code, or fail.
+# Usage: wait_for_status URL CODE [TIMEOUT_SECONDS] [curl args...]
+wait_for_status() {
+  local url="$1" expected="$2" timeout="${3:-30}"
+  shift 3 || true
+  local elapsed=0 got=""
+  while (( elapsed < timeout )); do
+    got=$(curl -s -o /dev/null -w '%{http_code}' "$@" "$url" || true)
+    if [[ "$got" == "$expected" ]]; then
+      return 0
+    fi
+    sleep 1
+    # Note: `((elapsed++))` returns exit 1 when elapsed is 0, which trips set -e.
+    elapsed=$((elapsed + 1))
+  done
+  echo "wait_for_status: $url expected $expected, last seen ${got:-<none>}" >&2
+  return 1
+}
+
+# Poll a URL until its body contains a substring, or fail. Used when the status
+# code alone can't tell the states apart (e.g. captcha page vs backend, both 200).
+# Usage: wait_for_body_contains URL NEEDLE [TIMEOUT_SECONDS] [curl args...]
+wait_for_body_contains() {
+  local url="$1" needle="$2" timeout="${3:-30}"
+  shift 3 || true
+  local elapsed=0 body=""
+  while (( elapsed < timeout )); do
+    body=$(curl -s "$@" "$url" || true)
+    if grep -q "$needle" <<<"$body"; then
+      return 0
+    fi
+    sleep 1
+    elapsed=$((elapsed + 1))
+  done
+  echo "wait_for_body_contains: $url did not contain \"$needle\" within ${timeout}s" >&2
+  return 1
+}
+
+# Assert a single curl returns the expected status code.
+# Usage: assert_status URL CODE [curl args...]
+assert_status() {
+  local url="$1" expected="$2"
+  shift 2 || true
+  local got
+  got=$(curl -s -o /dev/null -w '%{http_code}' "$@" "$url")
+  if [[ "$got" != "$expected" ]]; then
+    echo "assert_status: $url expected $expected, got $got" >&2
+    return 1
+  fi
+}
+
+# Assert a response header matches a value (case-insensitive name).
+# Usage: assert_header URL HEADER VALUE [curl args...]
+assert_header() {
+  local url="$1" header="$2" expected="$3"
+  shift 3 || true
+  local got
+  got=$(curl -s -D - -o /dev/null "$@" "$url" | tr -d '\r' \
+    | awk -v h="${header,,}" -F': ' 'tolower($1) == h { print $2; exit }')
+  if [[ "$got" != "$expected" ]]; then
+    echo "assert_header: $url header $header expected \"$expected\", got \"$got\"" >&2
+    return 1
+  fi
+}
+
+# Assert a response body contains a substring.
+# Usage: assert_body_contains URL NEEDLE [curl args...]
+assert_body_contains() {
+  local url="$1" needle="$2"
+  shift 2 || true
+  local body
+  body=$(curl -s "$@" "$url")
+  if ! grep -q "$needle" <<<"$body"; then
+    echo "assert_body_contains: $url expected to contain \"$needle\", got:" >&2
+    echo "$body" >&2
+    return 1
+  fi
+}
+
+# --- mock admin client -------------------------------------------------------
+
+lapi_add_decision() {
+  local ip="$1" type="${2:-ban}" duration="${3:-4h}"
+  curl -sS -X POST "http://127.0.0.1:${LAPI_PORT}/admin/decisions?ip=${ip}&type=${type}&duration=${duration}" >/dev/null
+}
+
+lapi_delete_decision() {
+  local ip="$1"
+  curl -sS -X DELETE "http://127.0.0.1:${LAPI_PORT}/admin/decisions?ip=${ip}" >/dev/null
+}
+
+# --- stack lifecycle ---------------------------------------------------------
+
+# start_stack SCENARIO_DIR
+# Spins up the mock + Traefik (with the scenario's dynamic.yml) and waits ready.
+start_stack() {
+  local scenario_dir="$1"
+  local traefik_bin mock_bin
+  traefik_bin="$(ensure_traefik)"
+  mock_bin="$(ensure_mock)"
+
+  WORKDIR="$(mktemp -d)"
+  # Expose the plugin source where Traefik's localPlugins loader expects it.
+  mkdir -p "$WORKDIR/plugins-local/src/github.com/maxlerebourg"
+  ln -s "$REPO_ROOT" "$WORKDIR/plugins-local/src/github.com/maxlerebourg/crowdsec-bouncer-traefik-plugin"
+
+  cp "$MOCK_LIB_DIR/traefik.yml" "$WORKDIR/traefik.yml"
+
+  # Render the scenario's dynamic config with the live ports / key / paths.
+  sed \
+    -e "s|@@APIKEY@@|${LAPI_KEY}|g" \
+    -e "s|@@LAPI_HOST@@|127.0.0.1:${LAPI_PORT}|g" \
+    -e "s|@@APPSEC_HOST@@|127.0.0.1:${APPSEC_PORT}|g" \
+    -e "s|@@BACKEND_URL@@|http://127.0.0.1:${BACKEND_PORT}|g" \
+    -e "s|@@REDIS_HOST@@|127.0.0.1:${REDIS_PORT}|g" \
+    -e "s|@@REDIS_READ_HOST@@|127.0.0.1:${REDIS_READ_PORT}|g" \
+    -e "s|@@SCENARIO_DIR@@|${scenario_dir}|g" \
+    "$scenario_dir/dynamic.yml" > "$WORKDIR/dynamic.yml"
+
+  # Opt-in HTTPS LAPI: a scenario exports LAPI_TLS_CERT/LAPI_TLS_KEY to serve the
+  # LAPI over TLS (used by tls-system-ca). Default empty -> plaintext as before.
+  local mock_tls_args=() lapi_scheme=http lapi_curl=()
+  if [[ -n "${LAPI_TLS_CERT:-}" && -n "${LAPI_TLS_KEY:-}" ]]; then
+    mock_tls_args=(--lapi-tls-cert "$LAPI_TLS_CERT" --lapi-tls-key "$LAPI_TLS_KEY")
+    lapi_scheme=https
+    lapi_curl=(-k) # the readiness probe ignores trust; the bouncer's trust is what we test
+  fi
+
+  "$mock_bin" \
+    --lapi-addr "127.0.0.1:${LAPI_PORT}" \
+    --backend-addr "127.0.0.1:${BACKEND_PORT}" \
+    --appsec-addr "127.0.0.1:${APPSEC_PORT}" \
+    --redis-addr "127.0.0.1:${REDIS_PORT}" \
+    --redis-read-addr "127.0.0.1:${REDIS_READ_PORT}" \
+    "${mock_tls_args[@]}" >"$WORKDIR/mock.log" 2>&1 &
+  MOCK_PID=$!
+
+  # Opt-in trust store for the Traefik process: a scenario exports
+  # TRAEFIK_SSL_CERT_FILE to point Go's x509.SystemCertPool() at a specific CA
+  # bundle. Empty -> Go's default system store (unchanged behaviour).
+  ( cd "$WORKDIR" && SSL_CERT_FILE="${TRAEFIK_SSL_CERT_FILE:-}" exec "$traefik_bin" --configfile=traefik.yml ) >"$WORKDIR/traefik.log" 2>&1 &
+  TRAEFIK_PID=$!
+
+  wait_for_status "${lapi_scheme}://127.0.0.1:${LAPI_PORT}/health" 200 30 "${lapi_curl[@]}"
+  # AppSec stand-in: a bare GET carries no "rpc2" URI, so it answers 200 (allow).
+  wait_for_status "http://127.0.0.1:${APPSEC_PORT}/" 200 30
+  # /ping is served by Traefik itself once it is up (plugin compilation included).
+  wait_for_status "http://127.0.0.1:${WEB_PORT}/ping" 200 60
+}
+
+stop_stack() {
+  [[ -n "$TRAEFIK_PID" ]] && kill "$TRAEFIK_PID" 2>/dev/null || true
+  [[ -n "$MOCK_PID" ]] && kill "$MOCK_PID" 2>/dev/null || true
+  [[ -n "$TRAEFIK_PID" ]] && wait "$TRAEFIK_PID" 2>/dev/null || true
+  [[ -n "$MOCK_PID" ]] && wait "$MOCK_PID" 2>/dev/null || true
+  [[ -n "$WORKDIR" && -d "$WORKDIR" ]] && rm -rf "$WORKDIR" || true
+}
+
+dump_diagnostics() {
+  echo "=== traefik.log ==="
+  cat "$WORKDIR/traefik.log" 2>/dev/null || true
+  echo "=== mock.log ==="
+  cat "$WORKDIR/mock.log" 2>/dev/null || true
+}
+
+# EXIT trap: runs after the scenario body (or after a failed assertion under
+# `set -e`), so it relies only on globals, never on run_scenario's locals.
+_scenario_cleanup() {
+  local rc=$?
+  if (( rc != 0 )); then
+    dump_diagnostics > "$SCENARIO_LOG" 2>&1 || true
+    echo "[$SCENARIO_NAME] failed. Logs written to $SCENARIO_LOG" >&2
+  fi
+  stop_stack
+  exit $rc
+}
+
+# run_scenario SCENARIO_NAME SCENARIO_DIR BODY_FN
+# Wraps lifecycle + diagnostics so each run.sh stays declarative.
+run_scenario() {
+  SCENARIO_NAME="$1"
+  local dir="$2" body="$3"
+  SCENARIO_LOG="/tmp/e2e-mock-${SCENARIO_NAME}.log"
+  trap _scenario_cleanup EXIT
+
+  echo "[$SCENARIO_NAME] starting binary stack (Traefik + mock LAPI)..."
+  start_stack "$dir"
+  "$body"
+  echo "[$SCENARIO_NAME] OK"
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+# Static Traefik configuration for the binary e2e suite.
+# The dynamic part (router + bouncer middleware + backend service) lives in
+# dynamic.yml, generated per scenario by common.sh.
+entryPoints:
+  web:
+    address: ":8000"
+    forwardedHeaders:
+      # The test's curl sets X-Forwarded-For; preserve it through the proxy.
+      insecure: true
+
+log:
+  level: INFO
+
+accessLog: {}
+
+# /ping on the web entrypoint is the readiness probe — no dashboard/API needed.
+ping:
+  entryPoint: web
+
+providers:
+  file:
+    filename: dynamic.yml
+    watch: false
+
+experimental:
+  localPlugins:
+    bouncer:
+      moduleName: github.com/maxlerebourg/crowdsec-bouncer-traefik-plugin
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+// Standalone module so this test helper stays out of the plugin module:
+// it is excluded from the plugin's `go build ./...`, `go test ./...`,
+// golangci-lint and `go mod vendor`. Stdlib only — no dependencies.
+module mocklapi
+
+go 1.22.12
@@ -0,0 +1,218 @@
+// Command mocklapi is a minimal Crowdsec LAPI stand-in for the binary e2e
+// suite. It answers only the few LAPI routes the plugin calls — live/none
+// decision lookups, the stream poll and the usage-metrics push — and lets the
+// test drive decisions through /admin instead of `cscli`. It also serves the
+// stub upstream that Traefik proxies allowed requests to, and a hardcoded Redis
+// stand-in for exercising the redis cache path.
+//
+// It is NOT a Crowdsec/AppSec conformance harness — the real WAF engine (OWASP
+// CRS, virtual patching) is out of scope. The AppSec endpoint here emulates a
+// single deterministic rule so the suite can exercise the plugin's AppSec
+// wiring (header forwarding, allow/block handling) end to end. See the README.
+package main
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"flag"
+	"io"
+	"log"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+)
+
+// Decision is the subset of a LAPI decision the plugin actually reads.
+type Decision struct {
+	Value    string `json:"value"`
+	Type     string `json:"type"`
+	Duration string `json:"duration"`
+}
+
+var (
+	mu      sync.Mutex
+	active  = map[string]Decision{} // ip -> decision currently in force
+	deleted = map[string]Decision{} // ip -> decision to report in the stream "deleted" list
+)
+
+func writeJSON(w http.ResponseWriter, v any) {
+	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	_ = json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(v)
+}
+
+func list(m map[string]Decision) []Decision {
+	out := make([]Decision, 0, len(m))
+	for _, d := range m {
+		out = append(out, d)
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+// --- Redis mock (inline-command wire format, as spoken by simpleredis) ---
+
+// serveRedis is a hardcoded stand-in. When verdicts is true it plays a replica
+// that holds decisions: every line is scanned for known IPs, 1.2.3.4 → "f"
+// (clean), 1.2.3.5 → "t" (banned); any other GET is a miss ($-1). When verdicts
+// is false it plays the primary and answers every GET with a miss, so a
+// scenario can prove reads are served from the replica and not the primary.
+// SET, DEL, AUTH, SELECT get +OK (they don't read the response anyway).
+func serveRedis(addr string, verdicts bool) {
+	ln, err := net.Listen("tcp", addr)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer ln.Close()
+
+	for {
+		conn, err := ln.Accept()
+		if err != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		go func(conn net.Conn) {
+			defer conn.Close()
+			rd := bufio.NewReader(conn)
+			for {
+				line, _, err := rd.ReadLine()
+				if err != nil {
+					return
+				}
+				s := string(line)
+				switch {
+				case verdicts && strings.Contains(s, "1.2.3.4"):
+					conn.Write([]byte("$1\r\nf\r\n"))
+				case verdicts && strings.Contains(s, "1.2.3.5"):
+					conn.Write([]byte("$1\r\nt\r\n"))
+				case strings.HasPrefix(strings.ToUpper(s), "GET "):
+					conn.Write([]byte("$-1\r\n"))
+				default:
+					conn.Write([]byte("+OK\r\n"))
+				}
+			}
+		}(conn)
+	}
+}
+
+func main() {
+	lapiAddr := flag.String("lapi-addr", "127.0.0.1:8090", "address for the LAPI mock")
+	// The stub upstream Traefik proxies allowed requests to — the binary-suite
+	// equivalent of the traefik/whoami container. Not AppSec.
+	backendAddr := flag.String("backend-addr", "127.0.0.1:8091", "address for the stub upstream service")
+	// AppSec WAF stand-in (the real engine listens on :7422). Not a CRS engine.
+	appsecAddr := flag.String("appsec-addr", "127.0.0.1:8092", "address for the AppSec mock")
+	// Redis stand-ins on plain TCP ports, enough to exercise the plugin's redis
+	// cache path. The primary answers every GET with a miss; the replica serves
+	// the hardcoded verdicts, so a scenario pointing redisCacheReadHosts at the
+	// replica proves reads are offloaded to replicas.
+	redisAddr := flag.String("redis-addr", "127.0.0.1:8093", "address for the Redis primary mock (writes; GET always misses)")
+	redisReadAddr := flag.String("redis-read-addr", "127.0.0.1:8094", "address for the Redis replica mock (serves cached verdicts)")
+	// Optional TLS for the LAPI: when both are set the LAPI is served over HTTPS
+	// (cert signed by the scenario's throwaway CA) so the suite can exercise the
+	// bouncer's system-trust-store path. Backend and AppSec stay plaintext.
+	lapiTLSCert := flag.String("lapi-tls-cert", "", "PEM cert to serve the LAPI over HTTPS (optional)")
+	lapiTLSKey := flag.String("lapi-tls-key", "", "PEM key for --lapi-tls-cert")
+	flag.Parse()
+
+	go func() {
+		log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(*backendAddr, http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
+			_, _ = w.Write([]byte("E2E_BACKEND_OK\n"))
+		})))
+	}()
+
+	// AppSec mock: the plugin forwards the request metadata in X-Crowdsec-Appsec-*
+	// headers and reads our status — 200 allows, 403 blocks. We emulate one
+	// deterministic virtual-patching rule (block any URI containing "rpc2", the
+	// exact probe from examples/appsec-enabled) so the plugin's AppSec path is
+	// exercised without standing up the real WAF.
+	go func() {
+		log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(*appsecAddr, http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+			if strings.Contains(r.Header.Get("X-Crowdsec-Appsec-Uri"), "403") {
+				w.WriteHeader(http.StatusForbidden)
+			}
+			if strings.Contains(r.Header.Get("X-Crowdsec-Appsec-Uri"), "500") {
+				w.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
+			}
+			if strings.Contains(r.Header.Get("X-Crowdsec-Appsec-Uri"), "502") {
+				w.WriteHeader(http.StatusBadGateway)
+			}
+			// Read body
+			body, err := io.ReadAll(r.Body)
+			if err != nil {
+				w.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
+				return
+			}
+			defer r.Body.Close()
+			if strings.Contains(string(body), "a=0") {
+				w.WriteHeader(http.StatusForbidden)
+				return
+			}
+		})))
+	}()
+
+	go serveRedis(*redisAddr, false)
+	go serveRedis(*redisReadAddr, true)
+
+	mux := http.NewServeMux()
+
+	// Readiness probe for the test harness (empty body, 200).
+	mux.HandleFunc("/health", func(http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request) {})
+
+	// live / none mode: the plugin asks about one IP and expects a decision
+	// array, or the literal `null` when there is none.
+	mux.HandleFunc("/v1/decisions", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		mu.Lock()
+		defer mu.Unlock()
+		if d, ok := active[r.URL.Query().Get("ip")]; ok {
+			writeJSON(w, []Decision{d})
+			return
+		}
+		_, _ = w.Write([]byte("null"))
+	})
+
+	// stream mode: report the whole active set as "new" and anything removed as
+	// "deleted". Re-sending the same on every poll is harmless — the plugin just
+	// re-adds to / re-deletes from its cache.
+	mux.HandleFunc("/v1/decisions/stream", func(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
+		mu.Lock()
+		defer mu.Unlock()
+		writeJSON(w, map[string][]Decision{"new": list(active), "deleted": list(deleted)})
+	})
+
+	// usage-metrics push: accept and ignore.
+	mux.HandleFunc("/v1/usage-metrics", func(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusCreated)
+	})
+
+	// Test control plane: add / remove decisions instead of cscli.
+	mux.HandleFunc("/admin/decisions", func(_ http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		q := r.URL.Query()
+		ip := q.Get("ip")
+		mu.Lock()
+		defer mu.Unlock()
+		switch r.Method {
+		case http.MethodPost:
+			dtype := q.Get("type")
+			if dtype == "" {
+				dtype = "ban"
+			}
+			duration := q.Get("duration")
+			if duration == "" {
+				duration = "4h"
+			}
+			active[ip] = Decision{Value: ip, Type: dtype, Duration: duration}
+			delete(deleted, ip)
+		case http.MethodDelete:
+			if d, ok := active[ip]; ok {
+				deleted[ip] = d
+				delete(active, ip)
+			}
+		}
+	})
+
+	if *lapiTLSCert != "" && *lapiTLSKey != "" {
+		log.Printf("mocklapi: LAPI on %s (TLS), backend on %s, appsec on %s, redis on %s (read %s)", *lapiAddr, *backendAddr, *appsecAddr, *redisAddr, *redisReadAddr)
+		log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServeTLS(*lapiAddr, *lapiTLSCert, *lapiTLSKey, mux))
+	}
+	log.Printf("mocklapi: LAPI on %s, backend on %s, appsec on %s, redis on %s (read %s)", *lapiAddr, *backendAddr, *appsecAddr, *redisAddr, *redisReadAddr)
+	log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(*lapiAddr, mux))
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+http:
+  routers:
+    r:
+      rule: "PathPrefix(`/foo`)"
+      entryPoints:
+        - web
+      service: backend
+      middlewares:
+        - bouncer
+  services:
+    backend:
+      loadBalancer:
+        servers:
+          - url: "@@BACKEND_URL@@"
+  middlewares:
+    bouncer:
+      plugin:
+        bouncer:
+          enabled: "true"
+          # IP bouncing disabled — this scenario exercises AppSec only.
+          crowdsecMode: appsec
+          crowdsecLapiScheme: http
+          crowdsecLapiHost: "@@LAPI_HOST@@"
+          crowdsecLapiKey: "@@APIKEY@@"
+          crowdsecAppsecEnabled: "true"
+          crowdsecAppsecFailureBlock: "true"
+          crowdsecAppsecBodyLimit: 4
+          crowdsecAppsecUnreachableBlock: "false"
+          crowdsecAppsecScheme: http
+          crowdsecAppsecHost: "@@APPSEC_HOST@@"
+          forwardedHeadersTrustedIps:
+            - "127.0.0.1/32"
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+HERE="$(cd "$(dirname "$0")" && pwd)"
+# shellcheck source=../../lib/common.sh
+source "$HERE/../../lib/common.sh"
+
+SCENARIO=appsec
+
+# AppSec wiring check: the plugin forwards each request to the AppSec engine and
+# enforces its verdict. The mock emulates one virtual-patching rule (block any
+# URI containing "rpc2"), mirroring examples/appsec-enabled. This proves the
+# plugin's AppSec path end to end (header forwarding + allow/block handling); it
+# does not test the real WAF's detection accuracy.
+body() {
+  echo "[$SCENARIO] benign request must pass (AppSec 200)"
+  assert_status "http://127.0.0.1:${WEB_PORT}/foo" 200 -H "X-Forwarded-For: 1.2.3.4"
+
+  echo "[$SCENARIO] request that return 403 must be blocked (AppSec 403)"
+  assert_status "http://127.0.0.1:${WEB_PORT}/foo/403" 403 -H "X-Forwarded-For: 1.2.3.4"
+
+  echo "[$SCENARIO] request that return 500 must be blocked (because CrowdsecAppsecFailureBlock = true) (AppSec 500)"
+  assert_status "http://127.0.0.1:${WEB_PORT}/foo/500" 403 -H "X-Forwarded-For: 1.2.3.4"
+
+  echo "[$SCENARIO] request that return 502 must pass (because CrowdsecAppsecUnreachableBlock = false) (Proxy error 502)"
+  assert_status "http://127.0.0.1:${WEB_PORT}/foo/502" 200 -H "X-Forwarded-For: 1.2.3.4"
+
+  echo "[$SCENARIO] request that send bad body after crowdsecAppsecBodyLimit must pass (AppSec 200)"
+  assert_status "http://127.0.0.1:${WEB_PORT}/foo" 200 -H "X-Forwarded-For: 1.2.3.4" -X POST -d "______&a=0"
+
+  echo "[$SCENARIO] request that send bad body before crowdsecAppsecBodyLimit must pass (AppSec 403)"
+  assert_status "http://127.0.0.1:${WEB_PORT}/foo" 403 -H "X-Forwarded-For: 1.2.3.4" -X POST -d "a=0&______"
+
+  echo "[$SCENARIO] request http2 that send no body GET (AppSec 200)"
+  assert_status "http://127.0.0.1:${WEB_PORT}/foo" 200 -H "X-Forwarded-For: 1.2.3.4" --http2-prior-knowledge -H "Content-Length:"
+
+  echo "[$SCENARIO] request http2 that send unreadable body GET (AppSec 403)"
+  assert_status "http://127.0.0.1:${WEB_PORT}/foo" 403 -H "X-Forwarded-For: 1.2.3.4" --http2-prior-knowledge -H "Content-Length:" -d "test"
+
+  echo "[$SCENARIO] request http2 that send unreadable body POST (AppSec 403)"
+  assert_status "http://127.0.0.1:${WEB_PORT}/foo" 403 -H "X-Forwarded-For: 1.2.3.4" --http2-prior-knowledge -H "Content-Length:" -X POST -d "test"
+}
+
+run_scenario "$SCENARIO" "$HERE" body
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head><meta charset="utf-8"><title>E2E captcha marker</title></head>
+<body>
+<h1 id="e2e-captcha-marker">E2E_CAPTCHA_PAGE_MARKER</h1>
+<script src="{{ .FrontendJS }}"></script>
+<div class="{{ .FrontendKey }}" data-sitekey="{{ .SiteKey }}"></div>
+</body>
+</html>
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+http:
+  routers:
+    r:
+      rule: "PathPrefix(`/foo`)"
+      entryPoints:
+        - web
+      service: backend
+      middlewares:
+        - bouncer
+  services:
+    backend:
+      loadBalancer:
+        servers:
+          - url: "@@BACKEND_URL@@"
+  middlewares:
+    bouncer:
+      plugin:
+        bouncer:
+          enabled: "true"
+          crowdsecMode: stream
+          updateIntervalSeconds: "2"
+          crowdsecLapiScheme: http
+          crowdsecLapiHost: "@@LAPI_HOST@@"
+          crowdsecLapiKey: "@@APIKEY@@"
+          forwardedHeadersTrustedIps:
+            - "127.0.0.1/32"
+          captchaProvider: turnstile
+          # Cloudflare Turnstile public test keys: render a valid widget without
+          # contacting a real API key.
+          captchaSiteKey: "1x00000000000000000000AA"
+          captchaSecretKey: "1x0000000000000000000000000000000AA"
+          captchaHtmlFilePath: "@@SCENARIO_DIR@@/captcha.html"
+          captchaGracePeriodSeconds: "10"
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+HERE="$(cd "$(dirname "$0")" && pwd)"
+# shellcheck source=../../lib/common.sh
+source "$HERE/../../lib/common.sh"
+
+SCENARIO=captcha
+
+body() {
+  echo "[$SCENARIO] adding captcha decision for 1.2.3.4"
+  lapi_add_decision 1.2.3.4 captcha 5m
+
+  # Status stays 200 before/after (captcha page vs backend), so gate on the body
+  # marker appearing once the captcha decision has been polled.
+  echo "[$SCENARIO] captcha page must be served once the decision is polled (200 + marker)"
+  wait_for_body_contains "http://127.0.0.1:${WEB_PORT}/foo" "E2E_CAPTCHA_PAGE_MARKER" 15 -H "X-Forwarded-For: 1.2.3.4"
+
+  echo "[$SCENARIO] captcha response Content-Type is HTML"
+  assert_header "http://127.0.0.1:${WEB_PORT}/foo" Content-Type "text/html; charset=utf-8" -H "X-Forwarded-For: 1.2.3.4"
+
+  echo "[$SCENARIO] captcha response is HTTP 200 (the captcha page itself, not a 403)"
+  assert_status "http://127.0.0.1:${WEB_PORT}/foo" 200 -H "X-Forwarded-For: 1.2.3.4"
+
+  echo "[$SCENARIO] non-flagged IP must still pass through to the backend"
+  assert_status "http://127.0.0.1:${WEB_PORT}/foo" 200 -H "X-Forwarded-For: 5.6.7.8"
+}
+
+run_scenario "$SCENARIO" "$HERE" body
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+{
+  "marker": "E2E_CUSTOM_BAN_PAGE_MARKER",
+  "body": "IP: {{ .ClientIP }}, reason: {{ .RemediationReason }}, trace: {{ .TraceID }}"
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+http:
+  routers:
+    r:
+      rule: "PathPrefix(`/foo`)"
+      entryPoints:
+        - web
+      service: backend
+      middlewares:
+        - bouncer
+  services:
+    backend:
+      loadBalancer:
+        servers:
+          - url: "@@BACKEND_URL@@"
+  middlewares:
+    bouncer:
+      plugin:
+        bouncer:
+          enabled: "true"
+          crowdsecMode: stream
+          updateIntervalSeconds: "2"
+          crowdsecLapiScheme: http
+          crowdsecLapiHost: "@@LAPI_HOST@@"
+          crowdsecLapiKey: "@@APIKEY@@"
+          forwardedHeadersTrustedIps:
+            - "127.0.0.1/32"
+          banFilePath: "@@SCENARIO_DIR@@/ban.json"
+          remediationHeadersCustomName: "X-E2E-Remediation"
+          traceHeadersCustomName: x-trace
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+HERE="$(cd "$(dirname "$0")" && pwd)"
+# shellcheck source=../../lib/common.sh
+source "$HERE/../../lib/common.sh"
+
+SCENARIO=custom-ban-page
+
+body() {
+  echo "[$SCENARIO] adding ban decision"
+  lapi_add_decision 1.2.3.4 ban 5m
+
+  echo "[$SCENARIO] banned response becomes 403 once the next stream poll lands"
+  wait_for_status "http://127.0.0.1:${WEB_PORT}/foo" 403 15 -H "X-Forwarded-For: 1.2.3.4"
+
+  echo "[$SCENARIO] banned response Content-Type is HTML"
+  assert_header "http://127.0.0.1:${WEB_PORT}/foo" Content-Type "application/json" -H "X-Forwarded-For: 1.2.3.4"
+
+  echo "[$SCENARIO] banned response body contains the custom marker"
+  assert_body_contains "http://127.0.0.1:${WEB_PORT}/foo" "E2E_CUSTOM_BAN_PAGE_MARKER" -H "X-Forwarded-For: 1.2.3.4"
+
+  echo "[$SCENARIO] banned response body contains the IP and reason from templating"
+  assert_body_contains "http://127.0.0.1:${WEB_PORT}/foo" "IP: 1.2.3.4, reason: LAPI, trace: 0123456789" -H "X-Forwarded-For: 1.2.3.4" -H "X-Trace: 0123456789"
+
+  echo "[$SCENARIO] banned response carries the custom remediation header (remediationHeadersCustomName)"
+  assert_header "http://127.0.0.1:${WEB_PORT}/foo" X-E2E-Remediation "ban" -H "X-Forwarded-For: 1.2.3.4"
+}
+
+run_scenario "$SCENARIO" "$HERE" body
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+http:
+  routers:
+    r:
+      rule: "PathPrefix(`/foo`)"
+      entryPoints:
+        - web
+      service: backend
+      middlewares:
+        - bouncer
+  services:
+    backend:
+      loadBalancer:
+        servers:
+          - url: "@@BACKEND_URL@@"
+  middlewares:
+    bouncer:
+      plugin:
+        bouncer:
+          enabled: "true"
+          crowdsecMode: live
+          defaultDecisionSeconds: "2"
+          crowdsecLapiScheme: http
+          crowdsecLapiHost: "@@LAPI_HOST@@"
+          crowdsecLapiKey: "@@APIKEY@@"
+          forwardedHeadersTrustedIps:
+            - "127.0.0.1/32"
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+HERE="$(cd "$(dirname "$0")" && pwd)"
+# shellcheck source=../../lib/common.sh
+source "$HERE/../../lib/common.sh"
+
+SCENARIO=live-mode
+
+body() {
+  echo "[$SCENARIO] no decision -> first hit queries LAPI, returns 200, caches 'allowed' for 2s"
+  assert_status "http://127.0.0.1:${WEB_PORT}/foo" 200 -H "X-Forwarded-For: 1.2.3.4"
+
+  echo "[$SCENARIO] adding ban decision for 1.2.3.4"
+  lapi_add_decision 1.2.3.4 ban 5m
+
+  # Stays 200 until the cached 'allowed' (defaultDecisionSeconds) expires, then
+  # the re-query sees the ban — poll instead of guessing the cache TTL.
+  echo "[$SCENARIO] hit must turn 403 once the cached 'allowed' expires and LAPI is re-queried"
+  wait_for_status "http://127.0.0.1:${WEB_PORT}/foo" 403 15 -H "X-Forwarded-For: 1.2.3.4"
+
+  echo "[$SCENARIO] another non-banned IP must still pass"
+  assert_status "http://127.0.0.1:${WEB_PORT}/foo" 200 -H "X-Forwarded-For: 5.6.7.8"
+}
+
+run_scenario "$SCENARIO" "$HERE" body
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+http:
+  routers:
+    r:
+      rule: "PathPrefix(`/foo`)"
+      entryPoints:
+        - web
+      service: backend
+      middlewares:
+        - bouncer
+  services:
+    backend:
+      loadBalancer:
+        servers:
+          - url: "@@BACKEND_URL@@"
+  middlewares:
+    bouncer:
+      plugin:
+        bouncer:
+          enabled: "true"
+          crowdsecMode: none
+          crowdsecLapiScheme: http
+          crowdsecLapiHost: "@@LAPI_HOST@@"
+          crowdsecLapiKey: "@@APIKEY@@"
+          forwardedHeadersTrustedIps:
+            - "127.0.0.1/32"
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+HERE="$(cd "$(dirname "$0")" && pwd)"
+# shellcheck source=../../lib/common.sh
+source "$HERE/../../lib/common.sh"
+
+SCENARIO=none-mode
+
+body() {
+  echo "[$SCENARIO] no decision -> request passes (LAPI queried per request)"
+  assert_status "http://127.0.0.1:${WEB_PORT}/foo" 200 -H "X-Forwarded-For: 1.2.3.4"
+
+  echo "[$SCENARIO] adding ban decision for 1.2.3.4"
+  lapi_add_decision 1.2.3.4 ban 5m
+
+  echo "[$SCENARIO] none mode has no cache -> next request must be blocked immediately"
+  assert_status "http://127.0.0.1:${WEB_PORT}/foo" 403 -H "X-Forwarded-For: 1.2.3.4"
+
+  echo "[$SCENARIO] deleting decision"
+  lapi_delete_decision 1.2.3.4
+
+  echo "[$SCENARIO] previously banned IP must pass again immediately"
+  assert_status "http://127.0.0.1:${WEB_PORT}/foo" 200 -H "X-Forwarded-For: 1.2.3.4"
+}
+
+run_scenario "$SCENARIO" "$HERE" body
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+http:
+  routers:
+    r:
+      rule: "PathPrefix(`/foo`)"
+      entryPoints:
+        - web
+      service: backend
+      middlewares:
+        - bouncer
+  services:
+    backend:
+      loadBalancer:
+        servers:
+          - url: "@@BACKEND_URL@@"
+  middlewares:
+    bouncer:
+      plugin:
+        bouncer:
+          enabled: "true"
+          crowdsecMode: live
+          crowdsecLapiScheme: http
+          crowdsecLapiHost: "@@LAPI_HOST@@"
+          crowdsecLapiKey: "@@APIKEY@@"
+          redisCacheEnabled: "true"
+          redisCacheHost: "@@REDIS_HOST@@"
+          redisCacheReadHosts:
+            - "@@REDIS_READ_HOST@@"
+            - "@@REDIS_HOST@@"
+          forwardedHeadersTrustedIps:
+            - "127.0.0.1/32"
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+HERE="$(cd "$(dirname "$0")" && pwd)"
+# shellcheck source=../../lib/common.sh
+source "$HERE/../../lib/common.sh"
+
+SCENARIO=redis
+
+# The replica mock returns "f" (not banned) for 1.2.3.4 and "t" (banned) for 1.2.3.5.
+# The primary mock always misses.
+body() {
+  echo "[$SCENARIO] cached banned IP must not be blocked because call for primary (test rotation)"
+  assert_status "http://127.0.0.1:${WEB_PORT}/foo" 200 -H "X-Forwarded-For: 1.2.3.5"
+
+  echo "[$SCENARIO] cached banned IP must be blocked"
+  assert_status "http://127.0.0.1:${WEB_PORT}/foo" 403 -H "X-Forwarded-For: 1.2.3.5"
+
+  echo "[$SCENARIO] cached clean IP must pass"
+  assert_status "http://127.0.0.1:${WEB_PORT}/foo" 200 -H "X-Forwarded-For: 1.2.3.4"
+
+  echo "[$SCENARIO] unknown IP (redis miss) must fall through to LAPI and pass"
+  assert_status "http://127.0.0.1:${WEB_PORT}/foo" 200 -H "X-Forwarded-For: 1.2.3.6"
+}
+
+run_scenario "$SCENARIO" "$HERE" body
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+http:
+  routers:
+    r:
+      rule: "PathPrefix(`/foo`)"
+      entryPoints:
+        - web
+      service: backend
+      middlewares:
+        - bouncer
+  services:
+    backend:
+      loadBalancer:
+        servers:
+          - url: "@@BACKEND_URL@@"
+  middlewares:
+    bouncer:
+      plugin:
+        bouncer:
+          enabled: "true"
+          crowdsecMode: stream
+          updateIntervalSeconds: "2"
+          crowdsecLapiScheme: http
+          crowdsecLapiHost: "@@LAPI_HOST@@"
+          crowdsecLapiKey: "@@APIKEY@@"
+          forwardedHeadersTrustedIps:
+            - "127.0.0.1/32"
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+HERE="$(cd "$(dirname "$0")" && pwd)"
+# shellcheck source=../../lib/common.sh
+source "$HERE/../../lib/common.sh"
+
+SCENARIO=stream-mode
+
+body() {
+  echo "[$SCENARIO] no decision yet -> request allowed"
+  assert_status "http://127.0.0.1:${WEB_PORT}/foo" 200 -H "X-Forwarded-For: 1.2.3.4"
+
+  echo "[$SCENARIO] adding ban decision for 1.2.3.4"
+  lapi_add_decision 1.2.3.4 ban 5m
+
+  echo "[$SCENARIO] banned IP must be blocked once the next stream poll lands (HTTP 403)"
+  wait_for_status "http://127.0.0.1:${WEB_PORT}/foo" 403 15 -H "X-Forwarded-For: 1.2.3.4"
+
+  echo "[$SCENARIO] non-banned IP must still pass (HTTP 200)"
+  assert_status "http://127.0.0.1:${WEB_PORT}/foo" 200 -H "X-Forwarded-For: 5.6.7.8"
+
+  echo "[$SCENARIO] deleting ban decision"
+  lapi_delete_decision 1.2.3.4
+
+  echo "[$SCENARIO] previously banned IP must pass again once the deletion is polled"
+  wait_for_status "http://127.0.0.1:${WEB_PORT}/foo" 200 15 -H "X-Forwarded-For: 1.2.3.4"
+}
+
+run_scenario "$SCENARIO" "$HERE" body
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+http:
+  routers:
+    r:
+      rule: "PathPrefix(`/foo`)"
+      entryPoints:
+        - web
+      service: backend
+      middlewares:
+        - bouncer
+  services:
+    backend:
+      loadBalancer:
+        servers:
+          - url: "@@BACKEND_URL@@"
+  middlewares:
+    bouncer:
+      plugin:
+        bouncer:
+          enabled: "true"
+          crowdsecMode: live
+          defaultDecisionSeconds: "2"
+          # HTTPS LAPI with NO custom CA configured: the bouncer must fall back to
+          # the OS/system trust store (which the scenario controls via SSL_CERT_FILE).
+          crowdsecLapiScheme: https
+          crowdsecLapiHost: "@@LAPI_HOST@@"
+          crowdsecLapiKey: "@@APIKEY@@"
+          forwardedHeadersTrustedIps:
+            - "127.0.0.1/32"
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# Scenario: HTTPS LAPI with no custom CA configured -> the bouncer must fall back
+# to the OS/system trust store (PR #331). In the binary suite the "system trust
+# store" is whatever Go's x509.SystemCertPool() reads, which honours SSL_CERT_FILE
+# on the Traefik process. We mint a throwaway CA, serve the mock LAPI over HTTPS
+# with a cert signed by it, and run the stack twice:
+#
+#   positive: SSL_CERT_FILE = our CA      -> LAPI trusted        -> 200
+#   negative: SSL_CERT_FILE = empty bundle -> LAPI not trusted    -> 403
+#
+# live mode is fail-closed, so a TLS error becomes a 403. The negative run proves
+# the patch still VERIFIES (it is not an insecure skip).
+#
+# Extra dependency vs other scenarios: openssl.
+set -euo pipefail
+
+HERE="$(cd "$(dirname "$0")" && pwd)"
+# shellcheck source=../../lib/common.sh
+source "$HERE/../../lib/common.sh"
+
+SCENARIO=tls-system-ca
+SCENARIO_NAME="$SCENARIO"
+SCENARIO_LOG="/tmp/e2e-mock-${SCENARIO}.log"
+CERT_DIR="$(mktemp -d)"
+
+cleanup() {
+  local rc=$?
+  if (( rc != 0 )); then
+    dump_diagnostics > "$SCENARIO_LOG" 2>&1 || true
+    echo "[$SCENARIO] failed. Logs written to $SCENARIO_LOG" >&2
+  fi
+  stop_stack
+  rm -rf "$CERT_DIR"
+  exit $rc
+}
+trap cleanup EXIT
+
+echo "[$SCENARIO] minting throwaway CA + LAPI cert (SAN=IP:127.0.0.1)..."
+openssl ecparam -name prime256v1 -genkey -noout -out "$CERT_DIR/ca.key" 2>/dev/null
+openssl req -x509 -new -key "$CERT_DIR/ca.key" -sha256 -days 3650 \
+  -subj "/CN=crowdsec-bouncer e2e test CA" -out "$CERT_DIR/ca.crt" 2>/dev/null
+openssl ecparam -name prime256v1 -genkey -noout -out "$CERT_DIR/lapi.key" 2>/dev/null
+openssl req -new -key "$CERT_DIR/lapi.key" -subj "/CN=lapi" -out "$CERT_DIR/lapi.csr" 2>/dev/null
+openssl x509 -req -in "$CERT_DIR/lapi.csr" -CA "$CERT_DIR/ca.crt" -CAkey "$CERT_DIR/ca.key" \
+  -CAcreateserial -days 3650 -sha256 -out "$CERT_DIR/lapi.crt" \
+  -extfile <(printf "subjectAltName=IP:127.0.0.1\nbasicConstraints=CA:FALSE\nkeyUsage=digitalSignature,keyEncipherment\nextendedKeyUsage=serverAuth") 2>/dev/null
+: > "$CERT_DIR/empty.crt" # an empty bundle = a system store that trusts nothing
+
+# The mock serves the same CA-signed cert in both runs; only Traefik's trust differs.
+export LAPI_TLS_CERT="$CERT_DIR/lapi.crt" LAPI_TLS_KEY="$CERT_DIR/lapi.key"
+
+echo "[$SCENARIO] === positive: CA in the system trust store ==="
+export TRAEFIK_SSL_CERT_FILE="$CERT_DIR/ca.crt"
+start_stack "$HERE"
+echo "[$SCENARIO] HTTPS LAPI verifies via system trust store -> request passes (200)"
+assert_status "http://127.0.0.1:${WEB_PORT}/foo" 200 -H "X-Forwarded-For: 1.2.3.4"
+stop_stack
+
+echo "[$SCENARIO] === negative: CA absent from the system trust store ==="
+export TRAEFIK_SSL_CERT_FILE="$CERT_DIR/empty.crt"
+start_stack "$HERE"
+echo "[$SCENARIO] LAPI cert not trusted -> TLS fails, fail-closed (403)"
+assert_status "http://127.0.0.1:${WEB_PORT}/foo" 403 -H "X-Forwarded-For: 1.2.3.4"
+stop_stack
+
+echo "[$SCENARIO] OK"
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+http:
+  routers:
+    r:
+      rule: "PathPrefix(`/foo`)"
+      entryPoints:
+        - web
+      service: backend
+      middlewares:
+        - bouncer
+  services:
+    backend:
+      loadBalancer:
+        servers:
+          - url: "@@BACKEND_URL@@"
+  middlewares:
+    bouncer:
+      plugin:
+        bouncer:
+          enabled: "true"
+          crowdsecMode: stream
+          updateIntervalSeconds: "2"
+          crowdsecLapiScheme: http
+          crowdsecLapiHost: "@@LAPI_HOST@@"
+          crowdsecLapiKey: "@@APIKEY@@"
+          forwardedHeadersTrustedIps:
+            - "127.0.0.1/32"
+          clientTrustedIps:
+            - "1.2.3.4/32"
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+HERE="$(cd "$(dirname "$0")" && pwd)"
+# shellcheck source=../../lib/common.sh
+source "$HERE/../../lib/common.sh"
+
+SCENARIO=trusted-ips
+
+body() {
+  echo "[$SCENARIO] banning the trusted IP 1.2.3.4 and an untrusted IP 5.6.7.8"
+  lapi_add_decision 1.2.3.4 ban 5m
+  lapi_add_decision 5.6.7.8 ban 5m
+
+  # The untrusted IP turning 403 is our signal that the bans have been polled;
+  # it also doubles as the control proving the bouncer is active.
+  echo "[$SCENARIO] untrusted banned IP must be blocked once the bans are polled (HTTP 403)"
+  wait_for_status "http://127.0.0.1:${WEB_PORT}/foo" 403 15 -H "X-Forwarded-For: 5.6.7.8"
+
+  echo "[$SCENARIO] trusted IP must bypass the bouncer even though it is banned"
+  assert_status "http://127.0.0.1:${WEB_PORT}/foo" 200 -H "X-Forwarded-For: 1.2.3.4"
+}
+
+run_scenario "$SCENARIO" "$HERE" body
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 package crowdsec_bouncer_traefik_plugin //nolint:revive,stylecheck

-// pluginVersion is updated automatically by the release workflow.
-var pluginVersion = "1.6.X" //nolint:gochecknoglobals
+// pluginVersion is updated automatically by the release workflow and Renovate.
+var pluginVersion = "v1.6.0" //nolint:gochecknoglobals